高考英语阅读理解主旨概括题专项训练文档格式.docx

1、9 The main purpose of the story is to tell us _. 10. The conclusion we can get from the story is _.二、阅读技巧1 主题句在篇（段）首的结构 这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别（特殊）的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以说明。请看91年的Passage C: Jane Clark, fair-haired, blue-eyed and tough as steel, has just won the most difficult race in the world. In seventeen

2、days she drove a dog team and sledge （雪橇） across 1,050 miles of the Arctic Circle and through some of the most difficult land in the world. In bitter （刺骨的） winds and snow-storms she drove her dogs along the Arctic track, in temperatures that reached-38. When Jane was asked how she felt about being t

3、he first woman ever to win the race she said, I still cant believe it. She then went over to inspect her thirteen wild-eyed dogs. David Wilson, who came second, said, It sure hurts when a young woman is ahead of you. But it doesnt hurt for long. She was a good winner.76. Which of the following best

4、gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A. Woman wins the worlds toughest race! B. Woman fights bitter winds and snow-storms! C. Woman wins a sledge race in the world! D. Woman drives a dog team across the Arctic! 这篇文章的首句就是主题句，其后的句子或是具体说明“世界上最困难的比赛”，或是从侧面说明赢得这场比赛的不易。本篇的终结句进一步呼应了主题句。所以答案是A。2 主

5、题句在末尾的结构 尾句是主题句的结构通常是用归纳法撰写的，其步骤是先表述细节或交代论据，最后做出概括性的结论，以总结性的句子收尾。这种写作方法的特点是从个别到一般，由特殊性到共性。请看98年Passage A的最后一段：On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He roll

6、ed on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!54. What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? A. The roller skates needed further improvemen

7、t. B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool. C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation. D. Merlin got himself into trouble. 这段文字从Merlin入场的细节叙述，最后一句做了归纳总结：“很长一段时间大家都没有忘记Merlin不同凡响的入场。”可见Merlin取得了意想不到的成功。答案当然是C了。3. 主题句在中间的结构 有些主题句既不在篇（段）首，也不在篇（段）尾，而是处于篇章（或段落）的中间。这样的结构往往先以一句或几句为主题句的出现作铺垫，或是交代细节或论据。在主题句出

8、场后，仍有适当数量的句子陈述细节或继续给予例证。这类结构包括三个层次：引题主题思想解释或继续给予例证。从它的写作程序来看，也可分为三部曲：归纳结论演绎，即给出一两个例证之后，做出概括性的总结，然后再给予例证来证实其论点。请看下例：When you throw a ball up into the air as fast as you can, the ball reaches a point where it seems to pause for a moment, and then it comes down. When a bullet（子弹）is shot straight up, it

9、 will travel much faster and higher than a ball, but it, too, will come down. Whatever goes up must come down. We have always thought this to be true. An airplane may climb to a height of seventeen miles and then travel far and long. Yet it does not stay up forever. Finally, like everything else, th

10、e plane must come down. 本段文字中用斜体显示的这句话就是主题句。其行文顺序和写作程序与上述的模式完全吻合。4. 没有主题句的结构 没有主题句的篇章（或段落），并不是没有主题思想，它们的主题思想不是由具体的某句话表示的，而是在文中含蓄地存在着，需要读者自己归纳总结。这种结构通常是叙述一件事的发展过程，或是陈述一系列同等重要的细节或事实。请看92年的Passage A:Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten （咬） by snakes. It was seeing people with snake bites （

11、伤口） that led me to this career, he said. In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order

12、 to save their lives. I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around his

13、arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted, Bring me the knife Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes Shu said. The best headline （标题） for this newspaper article is _.

14、A. Astonishing MedicineB. Farmer Loses Arm C. Dangerous BitesD. Snake Doctor 文章陈述了一系列同等重要的细节，都是围绕“一位治疗毒蛇咬伤的医生”展开的。所以最好的标题便是D了。In short, 正确理解文章或段落的主题思想是阅读的首要目的。因此，提高识别文章结构并准确找出主题句的能力和准确归纳总结出无主题句文章的主题思想的能力，是提高阅读理解能力的重要环节。而从无主题句的文章中总结出主题思想的能力尤其是考试的重点，也是我们平常阅读训练时难度较大的一项，这就需要我们在阅读任何文章时都要下意识地归纳总结其主旨大意。（Ex

15、.1） Mike is a freshman（新生） in college. He is also trying to earn the money he needs to live on. As a result, he works forty hours a week at a gasoline station. But this work must be done at night because Mike is a full-time college student. Mike also tries to make time for things he enjoys doing tha

16、t are not related to college and work. He likes to ski in winter and play in summer. However, he is finding less and less time for these pleasures. 1. Which sentence best expresses the main idea? A. Mike is very busy B. A freshman has to work many hours all week C. Mike has pleasures in his spare ti

17、me D. Mike has a lot of homework （Ex.2） Telephone, television, radio, and the telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in Japan

18、or Argentina（阿根廷）. An international soccer match comes into the home of everyone with a television set. News of disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the four thousand satellites that trave

19、l around the world, information travels fast. 2. The main idea of the passage is that _. A. News of a disaster travels quickly and help can come quickly from distant countries. B. Election results can be known almost immediately. C. Communication is good. D. Information travels very fast because of

20、technology.（Ex.3）Americans use more water than any other people in the world. If we continue to usewater at the rate we do now, we will soon not have enough to meet our needs. In 1900, 40 billion gallons（加仑）were used each day in the United States. In 1980, 700 billion gallons were used. The average

21、American uses almost 90 gallons of water a day for personal use. And much more water is needed to make the things American people like to have. For example, it takes thousands of gallons of water to make one pound of beef for the dinner table. It takes more than 100,000 gallons of water to make a ca

22、r. If we include these uses of water, the average American uses about 2000 gallons of water a day. 3. The best title for the passage is _. A. Water Use in the United States B. The Problem of Water Use C. Water Use in the World D. Water Use in the Twentieth Century（Ex.4） Halloween is an autumn holida

23、y that Americans celebrate every year. It means holyevening, and it comes every October 31, the evening before All- Saints Day. However, its not really a church holiday; its a holiday for children. Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut

24、 faces in the pumpkins and put lights inside. It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!The children also put on strange masks（面具）and frightening clothes every Halloween. Some children paint their faces to look like monsters（怪物）. Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house. Ev

25、ery time they come to a new house, they say, Trick or treat! Money or eat! The adults（成年人）put a treat -money or candy - in their bags. Some children think of other people on Halloween. They carry boxes for UNICEF （The United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund）. They ask for money to help

26、 poor children all around the world. Of course, every time they help UNICEF, they usually receive a treat for themselves, too. 4. The best title for the passage probably is _.A. An Autumn Holiday B. A Church Holiday C. A Holiday for Children D. All-Saints（Ex.5） Who are these people rushing by you in

27、 the street? More than 215 million people now call America home, but most of them can trace their families back to other parts of the world. If you look at the names on shop windows, you will see that Americans come frommany different lands. The idea that these people, who once were strangers to the

28、 United States, have lost the customs and cultures of their original countries and have become American is really not true. In fact, what exists in America is more often a kind of side-by-side living in which groups of people from other countries often have kept many of their customs and habits. The

29、y join the general American society only in certain areas of their lives- such as in schools, businesses, and sports- but they keep many of their own native customs and manners socially and at home. This living has both advantages（长处）and disadvantages. Sometimes it may cause disagreements to develop

30、 between groups whose ways of life are very different from one another. However, there are also great advantages that come from the variety of cultures brought by settlers from other lands. There is great freedom of choice among ideas and dress, food, and social customs in America. Everyone can find some part of his or her familiar world in the United States, in churches, music, food, national groups, or newspapers. 5. Which is the best title for this passage?A. Advantages and Disadvantages B. Differe