版高考一轮总复习英语教师用书第2部分 语法填空Word格式.docx

1、shows考查主谓一致。空格所在句子为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前句的整个内容，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填shows。52015湖北高考He gave himself a new name to hide his _ （identify） when he went to carry out the secret task.identity考查名词。当他去执行这项秘密任务时，他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他的身份。由句意可知，空格处应用名词identity表示“身份”。62014湖南高考All we need _ （be） a small piece of land where

2、 we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.is考查主谓一致。根据题干可知，all指代的是a small piece of land，所以谓语动词要用单数。整句话的语境为一般现在时，故填is。我们所需要的就是一小片土地，我们可以在一年中播种的季节里在那儿种植各类果树。72013江苏高考Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ （be） essential to t

3、heir development.with连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词取决于with前面的词，故用单数形式is。一般来说，学生们的内在动机和来自他人的高期望值对他们的发展很重要。82013江西高考Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with _ （patient）patience考查名词。介词之后应跟名词，故填patience。无论何时我犯错误，老师都会耐心地指出来。92013天津高考While she was in Paris, she developed a _ （tasty） for fine art.taste考

4、查名词。空格前是冠词，可知此处应填名词，故填taste。在巴黎期间，她培养了对艺术的兴趣。102013湖南高考The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ （be） around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.are考查主谓一致。宾语从句中句子的主语是living expenses为复数，故谓语动词应用复数。整句用一般现在时，故填are。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。2016全国卷

5、In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _61_ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. T

6、ruly elegant chopsticks might _62_ （make） of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _63_ （create） special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _64_ （use） twigs （树枝

7、） to remove it. Over time, _65_ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _66_ （gradual） turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _67_ lived fro

8、m roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the _68_ （develop） of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _69_ （be） too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _70_ their hands. 61_62._63

9、._64._65_66._67._68._69_70._Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。本文介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。61and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的“China, Japan, Korea”之间是并列关系。62be_made。考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据make与句子主语Truly elegant chopsticks之间是逻辑上的动宾关系及空格前的might可知答案。63to_create。考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创

10、作独特的设计。根据句意可知，此处用to do形式表目的。64using。use与其逻辑主语People之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。65as或when。考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时，人们开始把食物切成小片根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导状语从句。66gradually。考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。67who。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Confucius（孔子）。68development。考查名词。根据空格前的the及空格后的of可知，此处应填名词。69were。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的believed可知，此处描述的是过去的情况。

11、从句主语为knives，谓语动词应用复数。70with。考查介词。此处在印度指大部分人用手吃饭。Step 3：代入验证。需保证语法结构正确且语义符合逻辑，这样才能确保万无一失。知识清单（1）名词常见后缀（第一讲专题）；（2）名词的数；（3）抽象名词具体化；（4）主谓一致的几种常见情况。学情分析考生在名词和主谓一致的学习中存在以下几个问题：（1）名词的数是考生在运用语言时常被忽视的问题，需刻意提高“数”的意识；（2）主谓一致情况较多，造成部分学生在使用时混用，同时也会因为忽视了主语核心词，而造成主谓不一致；（3）语法规则能熟练记忆，但不能准确运用，缺少谓语与主语一致的意识。考点名词的数1名词的单

12、复数（1）不可数名词不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示多少，通常要用“a/an表数量的词of名词”来表示。通常抽象名词与物质名词都是不可数名词。常见的不可数名词有：物质名词：ice, coffee, soup, grass, cloth（布料）, clothing, iron, food, bread等。抽象名词：advice, experience（经验）, courage, fun, childhood, knowledge等。（2）名词复数的变化规则变化不规则变化2特殊情况下名词复数的用法有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式，如：thanks，authorities（当局），posse

13、ssions（财产），clothes，congratulations，goods（商品），works（作品，著作），shoes，trousers，manners（礼貌）等。有些固定短语要求用名词复数形式：make preparations for为做准备take pains尽力，刻苦make （both） ends meet使收支相抵take turns轮流be in high spirits情绪高涨，精神振奋make repairs修理3名词构词法（见第一讲）典题12017洛阳统考For my studies I had to read books about _ （entertain）,

14、public relations, journalism, ethics in media and countless other topics.答案entertainment根据空格前的介词about及下文中一系列的名词形式可知，此处也应填名词形式entertainment。典题22017辽宁大连模拟Fabien Cousteaus grandfather and his father were ocean _ （explore） and documentary film makers.答案explorers根据语法结构可知，此空填名词作表语；亦可由and连接并列结构可知，此处填名词，由于主

15、语是两个人，故应填explorers。抽象名词具体化1抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的词，具体指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。（1）difficulty困难；a difficulty一件难事（2）experience经验；an experience一次经历（3）failure失败；a failure一位失败者/一件失败的事（4）knowledge知识；a good knowledge of丰富的知识（5）success成功；a success一位成功者/一件成功的事（6）surprise惊奇；a surprise一件令人吃惊的事（7）honour荣

16、誉；an honour一位（件）带来荣誉的人（事）另外常见的还有：pleasure, shock, comfort, attraction, beauty, danger, delight, feeling, preference等。2有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词Would you like some coffee?I would like a coffee and two beers.你想喝点咖啡吗？我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。典题32017陕西83中模拟She came in for _ coffee and told me _ firecrackers kept her awake la

17、st night.答案a; the第一空考查物质名词个体化，故加a，表示一杯咖啡；第二空为特指，故填the。典题42016浙江六校联考The program Running Man in Zhejiang TV turned out _ success.答案a句意：浙江电视台的“跑男”节目证明是成功的。此处考查抽象名词具体化，指一件成功的事，故填a。主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。1语法一致原则（1）主语后跟有with, together with, as well

18、 as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。典题52017山西太原模拟Dr Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _ （be） going to visit Beijing this summer.答案is根据语法一致原则，谓语与Dr Smith保持一致，故填is。（2）由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修

19、饰的名词形式保持一致。A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.很多被邀请来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。A great deal of water was polluted year by year.每年大量的水被污染。但a quantity/amount of和quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数。Quantities of information are available on the Internet

20、.在网上可得到大量的信息。（3）定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由先行词的单复数来确定。Those who were praised at the meeting could be sent to America to study further.在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。典题6He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of which _ （publish） in the 1990s.答案were published定语从句中的which指代先行词books，故谓语动词用复数；且主语与publish之间为被动关系及时间状语可知，应填wer

21、e published。2就近一致原则（1）由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。典题7Either you or one of your students _ the meeting that is due tomorrow.（完成句子）要么是你要么是你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。答案is to attend（2）由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的单复数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。典题8There are a pencil and two pens in

22、 the pencilbox.（改错）_答案areisThere be结构遵循就近原则，此处谓语应与a pencil一致，故将are改为is。3意义一致原则（1）由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现（不可分割的整体），谓语动词用单数。典题9The writer and teacher Smith _ millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.（完成句子）既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。答案has gone through（2）“no/each/every/many a单数名词andno/e

23、ach/every/many a单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。典题10Every man and every woman _ to be proud of the work done by their fathers.（完成句子）每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。答案has a good reason（3）非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。典题11To go to bed early and to rise early_.（完成句子）早睡早起是一个好习惯。答案is a good habit（4）含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况“many a/more than

24、one单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。典题12Many a parent _ go through this same painful process.（完成句子）很多父母都被迫经历了这一段相同的痛苦的过程。答案was forced tothe rest, the remaining/part.，plenty of, a great deal of等主语，谓语动词单复数应根据其所表达的单复数意义而定。典题13The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining _.（完成句子）讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。答案was

25、very boring分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。典题14Only 60 percent of the work _ yesterday.（完成句子）昨天只干了60%的活。答案was finished注意：population由分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Twothirds of population have been killed in the accident.在这次事故中2/3的人丧生。NO.1解题步骤1.根据空格

26、所处的位置判断考点是什么。2联系相关考点，结合相关知识，填写单词的正确形式。NO.2解题技巧1名词的考查语法填空题对名词的考查包括根据语境填适当的名词，特别是固定搭配中的名词（不给提示词）和用所给词的名词形式填空（给出动词、形容词等提示词）。（1）根据名词的功能来判断是否需要填名词名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、宾语补足语等。做题时可以根据提示词在句中所作的成分判断空格处是否需要填名词。（2）根据语境来判断是否需要填名词名词通常出现在及物动词、形容词、介词以及限定词之后，做题时可以据此判断空格处是否需要填名词。常见的限定词包括冠词（a, an, the）、形容词性物主代词（my

27、, your等）、不定代词（no, one, some, any, each, many, all, both, another, other等）、疑问词（whose, what, which等）等。（3）有时要求根据固定搭配填适当的名词（4）填名词时，一定要注意单复数及拼写吉林实验中学模拟From this experience, I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the _ （true）答案truth考查形容词与名词间的转换。根据空格前的限定词the可知，此处应填名词形式truth，注意拼写。山东淄博摸底The police department was looking for a to