初中英语语法汇总Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 ）1. There _ a lot of red-crowned cranes in this area.A.was used to B.was used to be C.used to D.used to be ）2. She used to _ with her parents, but now she is used to _ with her classmates at school. （泰州）A. live; living B.live; liveC.living;D.living; live ）3. He used to _ in a small village, but now

2、 he has been used to _ in the big city. （镇江）living ）4. Mrs Green _ go to hospital, but now she is in good health. A. has toB.need toC.used toD.ought to1. My cousin is used to _（study） with his new friends in Australia. （南京）2. My mother is used to _（get） up early to cook breakfast for us. （一模）3. Mr B

3、ush is used to _（get） up early in the morning. （一模）4. Jim has lived in Australia for two years. He is used to _（驾驶） on the left.相关拓展（初中学生了解即可,不要求运用）used to 正式的否定形式为usednt 疑问形式为used提前。I usednt to like her. 我未曾喜欢过她。Used you to go there? 您过去可常去那里？There used to be a cinema here, usednt there?但在口语中或不拘谨的书

4、面语中其否定及疑问形式均与did连用。I didnt use to like her.Did you use to go there?There used to be a cinema here, didnt there?2 参考答案:A. 1. used to 2. is used to 3. used to 4. are not used to 5. was not used to 6. used to 7. is used toB. 1. living 2. eat 3. being treated（该题为动名词的被动形式,初中不作要求） 4. walking 5. go 6. live

5、C. 1. He was used to living alone several month later.2. I used to live in London.3. The knife is used to cut things.4. People used to think that the earth was flat.D.1. D 2.A 3. A 4. C1. studying 2. getting 3. getting 4. drivingbe afraid to do与be afraid of doing的真正区别看过很多人对这两个短语的辨析，但都觉得解释得不很到位，甚至会有种

6、越看越糊涂的感觉。两个短语都有“不敢去做某事”的意思，但be afraid to do sth.真正的意思是“害怕做某事”，也就是主语对做某事内心感到恐惧；be afraid of doing sth.表示主语内心里不情愿做某事，也可以说是不希望发生某事，但自己不一定能避免它。例如： He was afraid to go out alone at night.（他害怕晚上独自外出。暗含的意思是“他对于晚上独自外出缺乏安全感”。） He came late to school and was afraid of being scolded by the teacher.（他上学迟到了，害怕被老

7、师吵。暗含的意思是“他不情愿被老师吵”。 用“不敢.”来辨别这两个短语很能说明问题。 He is afraid of being beaten by his father.他怕被他爸打。（不是他敢不敢的问题，他是不情愿。 He is afraid to touch the snake.他不敢碰那条蛇。（他内心里恐惧蛇。虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。条件句有真实条件句和非真实（虚拟）条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with

8、 them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。（陈述语气） If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。（虚拟语气） 与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”：If I knew her number ，I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。（可惜我不知道） 与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句3 谓语用“should （wo

9、uld, could, might）+have+过去分词”：If Id left sooner，Id have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。（但我动身太迟了） 与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”：If I asked him，Im sure hed help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。（不过我不打算这样做） 注：几点特别说明 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：

10、would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。（would表结果） If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。（might表可能） If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。（could表能力） 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去

11、式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”（表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”）或“were to+动词原形”（表示与将来事实相反的假设）；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：If it should rain tomorrow, dont expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气） If I should see him, Ill tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气） 表示推测的情态动词表示推测的情态动词有m

12、ust, could, may, might, can, should等。“情态动词+不定式一般式” 表示对现在或将来的推测，“情态动词+不定式进行式”表示对正在进行的动作或事情的推测，“情态动词+不定式完成式”表示对过去的推测。一、must表示推测的用法must表示推测时，只用于肯定句，表示很大的可能性，意为“一定，准是，必然会”。其否定形式是 cant/couldnt （不可能）。1. You havent eaten anything since this morning; you must be hungry.2. That cant be Mary shes in hospital.

13、二、can/could表示推测的用法1. can表示推测时，多用于肯定句和疑问句。当用于肯定句时，指“有时可能会”，是理论上的可能，其时间意义宽泛不具体。Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.2. could表示推测时，既可以用于肯定句，又可以用于疑问句。 例如：My book has disappeared. Who could have taken it?3. cant/couldnt表示推测时，用于否定句，是语气最强的否定4 4推测，意为“不可能，一定不（是）”。He cant/couldnt have seen her there.4.

14、 can/could在疑问句中表示推测时，含有怀疑或疑问的意味，could比can更不确定。 Can the news be true? Who can it be?三、may / might表示推测的用法1. may / might表示推测时，用于肯定句，表示无把握的推测，意为“可能，或许”。 （might 比may 更加不肯定，更无把握）。 He may/might be writing a letter now. They may have been discussing the problem this morning.2. may not/ might not表示推测时，用于否定句，

15、表示（无把握的）否定推测，意为“可能/或许不”。He looks very happy. He might not have known the result.四、should表示推测的用法should表示推测时，表示按常规、常理的推测，即“（正常情况下）按理应该”，暗含很大的可能性，但语气比must弱。1. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment.2. Three weeks should be enough.【即学即练】一、用表示推测的情态动词must, could, may, might, can, shoul

16、d的适当形式填空。1. Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.2. I hear they went skiing in the mountains last winter. It be true because there was little snow there.3. Accidents happen on such rainy days. 4. Hows your tour around the Noah Lake? Is it beautiful? It b

17、e, but it is heavily polluted now. 5. He （complete） his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. key：1. must 2. couldnt 3. can 4. should 5. must have completed二、翻译下列句子，注意情态动词的推测用法和情态动词后动词的形式。1. 如果火车准点的话，他们应该到北京了。 2. 站在那里的那个人一定是布朗先生。 不可能是他，他去纽约了。 3. 他们会把房门钥匙藏到哪儿去呢？4. 他还没来。你一定忘了

18、通知他开会的时间了。 5 Key：1. If the train arrives on time, they should be in Beijing now.2. That person standing there must be Mr Brown. It cant be him, because he has gone to New York.3. Where could they have hidden the key to the room?4. He hasnt come yet. You must have forgotten to inform him of the date

19、of the meeting.初中定语从句讲解及练习一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1） The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2） You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who（宾格who, 所有格whose）和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

20、二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语（1）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（2）Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 （1） Mr. Liu is the person （whom） you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 （3） The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.

21、which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 （1） Football is a game which is liked by most boys. （ which 在句子中做主语） （2） This is the pen （which） he bought yesterday. （ which 在句子中做宾语）4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 （5） The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. （在句子中做主语） （6） W

22、here is the man that/whom I saw this morning? （在句子中做宾语）5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 （1） He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （2） I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替（3）The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken w

23、ill soon be repaired.（5）Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?附练习（一） 定 语 从 句 练 习练习（一）请分析一下定语从句：（ 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 63. You couldnt u

24、nderstand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are s

25、ome of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was tra

26、veling. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose This is the man _ wants to see you. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua. The man _ you went to see has come. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. The runner _ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.