初中定语从句全含练习及答案解析文档格式.docx

1、关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。（二）关系代词用法关系代词指示对象作用例句That人/物主（宾）The student that answered the question was John.

2、回答问题的学生是约翰。The book （that） you lent me was interesting.你借给我的那本书很有趣。Which物Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.This is the pen （which） he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.Who人A doctor is a person who looks after peoples health.The man（who）you met just now is my friend.Whom（宾）The

3、 man（whom）you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.Mr. Ling is just the boy（whom）I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.Whose人.物定He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.注意一：1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后边的介词

4、提前时，只用whom例如：Do you know the man （whom/who/that） the teacher is talking to?= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?She is the person （whom/who/that） you should turn to for help.= She is the person to whom you should turn for help4） Whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语）（1） They rushed over to help the ma

5、n whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（2） Please pass me the bookwhose cover（=of which the cover） is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。5）先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句,如：as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+名词+as。You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. （as作want的宾语）Such computers as are used in our office are m

6、ade in South Korea.（as作定语从句的主语）This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. （as作showed的直接宾语）This jewel is the same one that I showed you the other day.（that作showed的直接宾语）请注意“the same +名词+ as”与“the same + that”的区别。（1） She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一

7、条裙子。（2） She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意：定语从句suchas 与结果状语从句such that的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分注意二：that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which1）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.（作宾语可省略）This is the most beautiful

8、 park that we have visited.2）先行词被the very，the onlythesame, thelast等修饰时，例如：This is the very book that Im looking for.（作宾语，可省略）The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.（作宾语，可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.（作宾语，可省略）This is the third

9、largest city that was founded in the 1980s.（作主语）4）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing （something除外）, few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时.Have you taken down everything （that） Mr. Li has said?There seems to be nothing （that） seems impossible for h

10、im in the world.All that can be done has been done.There is little （that） I can do for you.5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作

11、表语，例如：He is not the boy that he used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.8）当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which注意三：宜用which而不用that的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中。Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.2.在关系词前有介词时。This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.3.当先行词本身是that时。The clock is that which

12、 can tell us the time.（三）关系副词的用法关系副词When时间状语Ill never forget the days when I worked together with youThe time when we got together finally came.Where地点This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled downShanghai is the city where I was born

13、.Why原因Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词介词+关系代词why=for which（先行词一般是reason）Where=in/ at/ on/ . which （介词同先行词搭配）When=during/ on/ in/ . which （介词同先行词搭配）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。where = in/at +

14、 whichwhen=in/on/at/during + whichwhy = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。=This is the house where I lived two years ago.2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？=Do you remember

15、 the day when you joined our club？This is the reason why he came late.=This is the reason for which he came late.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，look for, look after, take care of等This is the watch which/that I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，

16、不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose（1） The man with whom you talked is my friend.The man with that you talked is my friend.（2） The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most,each, few等代词或者数

17、词（1） He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.（2） In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.（3） There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/省略h

18、e answered the question was surprising.（四）非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。1.主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立Herhouse, whichwas built a hundred yearsago, stoodstill in the earthquake.（那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。）2.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表

19、事物,when where why 分别代表时间,地点,原因（做状语）as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Which还可指代主句中的某个词或短语。（1） He married her, as/which was natural.（2） He was honest, as/which we can see.2）as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这，这一点”。as有“正如，正像”的意思（1） As is known to all, China is a developing country.（2） He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.（3） John, as you know, is a famous writer.（4） He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe