必修三语法总结及练习ZZHWord文档下载推荐.docx

1、The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2、双宾语His mother gave him a present. He was given a present by his mother. A present was given to him by his mother.3、“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. -The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4、在使役动词h

2、ave, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe加省略to的不定式作宾语补语变被动结构时，要加to Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building.Teacher made me study hard-I was made to study hard.5、表示“据说”或“相信”的动词believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think

3、可以用于句型 “Itbe过去分词that从句” “主语be过去分词to do sth. ”It is said that 据说, It is reported that据报道 It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为，It is believed that大家相信 It is suggested that据建议例：Newspaper reported that Jim passed the exam. 变为被动-It is reported that Jim passed the exam = Jim is reported to have

4、 passed the exam.四、主动表被动用法1、need，want，require+ doingneed，want，require+ to be doneThe house needs repairing（to be repaired） 2、be worth doing = be worthy to be done The picture-book is well worth readingThe picture-book is worthy to be read表 3、表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel 主动形式表示被动意义。Your

5、reason sounds reasonable. The food tastes good.4、break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）t be locked （指不会有人来锁门）5、“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, las

6、t, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out,等以主动形式表示被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out?6、形容词作表语，后接 to do不定式，主动表被动 English is difficult to learn7、分析此句式 I have a lot of homework to do. I want to type my paper. Do you have any to be type?练习：一、将主动语态的句子转化为被动语态1. He bought me many

7、 books. 2. We often speak English in class.3. They have painted their boat white.4. He is reading an article.5. They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.6. I will buy a book.7. We saw her entering the room.8. We found everything in the lab in good order.9. He noticed a man enter the

8、 room.10. Aunt made me a new dress. 二、单选1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner.A. are not kept；will have to B. are not kept；haveC. do not keep；will have to D. do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected

9、 now.A. developed B. have developedC. are being developed D. will have been developed3. _ the sports meet might be put off.Yes，it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive toldC. Im told D. I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completesC. has been comple

10、ted D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cutC. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designedC. was designed D. would be desi

11、gned7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has brokenC. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set upB. have taken place;C. have taken place; have set upD. were taken place; w

12、ere set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. Look! Everything here is under construction.Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been builtC. is built D. is building主谓一致一、语法上的一致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。Learning Engl

13、ish is very important.学习英语是很重要的。Both Bob and Tom are my friends.但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。Every boy and every girl was given a present.Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.由many

14、 a, more than one加上名词构成主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Many a person has read the novel.More than one student has failed in the test.二、意义上的一致主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。It seems to me that five years is so short a time.Two hundred dollars was spent on t

15、he books.有些集体名词，如family, group, class, police, crew等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。My family is a happy one.My family are watching TV.三、就近一致由eitheror, or, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also等连接并列名词作主语时，谓语动词与邻近名词的单复数保持一致。 Either you or I am crazy. Not only his parents but also he likes the m

16、ovie.There be, Here be句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.四、就远一致with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /besides/rather than +名

17、词 置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students in the classroom. 五、复习时还需注意的要点1、 有些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。The news is wonderful. Physics is an interesting subject.2、the number of+复数名词“.的数量”，谓语动词用单数The number of student in our class is 62.3、表示“成双成对”的名词，如 trou

18、sers, glasses, shoes, socks, shorts, chopsticks, compasses, scissors, 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The trousers are in the drawer.My glasses are lost4、由量词pair of, kind of, piece of, cup of, quantity of等构成主语时，谓语与量词的数一致。 This pair of shoes is very comfortable. These kinds of books are popular with students. 5、 百分数+

19、of+ 可数名词复数+复数谓语 可数名词单数+单数谓语例1、He is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working例3、Not

20、only _interested in football but _beginning to show an interest in it.A. the teacher himself is all his students are B. the teacher himself is are all his students C. is the teacher himself are all his students D. is the teacher himself all his students are例4、-“Each of the students, working hard at

21、his or her lessons, _ to go to university.”-“So do I.”A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped例5、E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. played例6、Books of this kind _ well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold例7、Every possi

22、ble means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used例8、When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided例9、The number of people

23、invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were例10、_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifthis B. Two fifthare C. Two fifthsis D. Two fifthsare连词一.概念 连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.二.相关知识点精讲1.表示并列关系

24、的连词有：and, bothand, not only but also和neithernor等1）and：和，并且A：基本用法：“and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.The weather becomes colder and colder.B:特别用法：祁使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you,youll Go straight on, and youll see the library.=If you go straight

25、on, you will see the library.2）bothand既也,（两者）都A、bothand构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Both Jim and Kate are from England.B、bothand否定句表示部分否定。You cant speak both German and English.Both my father and my mother arent doctors.3）neithernor:既不也不neithernor连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即采取就近原则。Neither I nor

26、he has seen the play before.4）not onlybut also:不但而且not onlybut also连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。 Not only the mother but also the children are ill.2.表示转折关系的连词有：but, however, yet, still，while等。Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.He was very tire

27、d, still he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still someroom for improvement.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.3.表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, eitheror,whether or等。1）or：或、否则A:基本用法or 表示 “或” 的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。-Is your friend English or American? -American.He doesnt like dumplings or noodles.特别用法祁使句后连接or ，表 “如果,否则”,有转折的意思，此时 or =if you dont ,youll Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.2）eitheror:或