高中英语语法解析Word下载.docx

1、（3） It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎（4） It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school nex

2、t week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or no

3、t. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。 Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。 a） What you said yesterday is right. b） That she is still alive is a c

4、onsolation二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 （及物动词） 或介词之后。1. 作动词的宾语 （1） 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）, 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。 （2） 由what, whether （if） 引导的宾语从句，例如： a） She did not know what had happened.她不知道发生了什么。 b） I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否 能帮我改一下笔记

5、。 （3） 动词间接宾语宾语从句。 She told me that she would accept my invitation.她对我说她会接受我的 邀请。2. 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。3. 作形容词的宾语 I am afraid （that） Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, co

6、nvinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就

7、会结婚了。5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, orde

8、r, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。 I dont

9、 think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。三. 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。1） The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2） This is why we cant get

10、 the support of the people.3） But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4） The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1） The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free s

11、urprised all the people. 2） The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1） 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当

12、句中任何成分。（2） 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。1） The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解I

13、t 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年高考的热点，因此应给予充分的重视，现将it用法归纳如下：一、It用作实词表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象 二、It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式主语的常见句型：1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 （1） It be adj. （for sb.） to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描

14、述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal （for a teenag

15、er） to drive a car without a license. （2） It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 Its kind of you to help me with the problem. （3） It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 Its no g

16、ood/use doing s （well）worth doing s （well）worth ones while doing/to do s （well）worth while doing/ to do s no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 （1） It is + noun +从句 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. （2） It is adj. +clause s surprising that （should

17、）竟然 s a pity/shame that（should）竟然 例 Its important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.（=Its of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.） （3） It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/

18、concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that 例 It worried me that she drove so fast.（= It was worrying that she drove so fast.） （4） It verb （to sb.） that= sb/sth verb to do （verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out） 例 It （so） happened/chanced t

19、hat they were out.（= They happened/chanced to be out.） （5） It is v-ed that=sb/sth is to do （verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） 例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.（=The couple are said to have gotten divorce

20、d.） （6） It is v-ed that （should） （verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 3、It作主语的句型 1. It takes sb. to do（=sb takesto do）某人用多长时间做某事 例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.（= The men took a week to mend our

21、 roof.） 2. Its （just）（un）like sb. to do（不）像某人做某事的风格 例 It was （just） like him to think of helping us. 3. Its （about/high） time that should /v-ed是该做某事的时候了 s（about/high） time that we should take action. 4. Its the x-th time （that） have v-ed第几次做某事了 s the third time that he has failed the driving test. 5

22、. It is/has been since continuous v-ed（延续性动词） 某动作已有多长时间不发生了 s 10 years that he lived here 6. It was（not） before过（不）了多长时间某动作发生了 例 It was not long before they arrived. 4、It 作形式宾语 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 It 作形式宾语的常见句型： 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun （for/of） to do/clause （verb=think, bel

23、ieve, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep） 例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that youll do the task on your own. 2. verb+it+adj./noun （ones） doing （adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile）（noun=no use/no good/worth ones while/a waste of time/money/energy/words） （verb=think,

24、 believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep） 例 Ill make it worth your while telling me about his secret. 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that （should） verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that（should） （verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, ma

25、ke, keep） 例 I think it important that you （should） attendthe conference. 4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause （verb=accept, regard, take, see, view） 例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture. 5. v. +it + prep. + that owe it to sb. that把归功于 leave it to sb that把留给某

26、人去做 take it for granted that 想当然 keep it in mind that 例 Dont bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, dont mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I cant. 7. It

27、用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外） m for it that you will follow their advice. 5、强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分+ that（who） 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。 在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点： 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句 例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ 2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句 例 I

28、t was because he was ill that he didnt come to school yesterday. 3. 在强调not until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别 例 It was at 7 oclock that he came here yesterday.（ 强调句型） It was 7 oclock when he came here yesterday.（定语从句） 6、It 常用的固定搭配 1. make it （1）.在