初中英语时间状语从句与时态专项Word文档格式.docx

1、4.Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。5.He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，这时有人敲门。6.I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候，我也想 到了。7.I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。根据以上的例句，我们

2、可以总结出一点： when 从句的 A 事件，相当于另一个事 件 B 发生的时间点。也就是说， when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而 只是把它作为一个时间点， 所以 when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时， 则不用正 在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时， 它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。 根据这一点，有的文章补充说： when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也 可以参照。 实际上， when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时， 因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如：1.When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我

3、赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离 开了。2.When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.1 / 10 当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。3.Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already? 你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？4.You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。5.When the manager comes here for

4、a visit next week, I ll talk with him about this. 下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。二、 while 的用法相比于 when 来说， while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。 while 从句的侧重点在于 描述动作正在发生的状态， 它的意思是： 当 while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件 事如何如何。所以， while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有 硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。1.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候，

5、我正在看电视。2.While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。3.While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。4.You cant do your homework while you re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。5.While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里

6、咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。从时间的角度来看， while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是 while 的侧重 点。因此，如果含有 “一段时间 ”的含义的时候，就可以用 while。6.Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变 了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。再例： I m going to the post office. While you re there, can you get me some stamps?三、as 的用法as 从句

7、表示的也是一件事情正在发生， 另一件事也正在进行当中。 但与 while 从 句不同的是， as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。 as 从句一 般可以翻译成 “边 边”。1.As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。2.The students took notes as they listened学. 生们边听课边做笔记。3.As we talked on, he got more and more excited.我 们继续往下谈的时候，他越来

8、越兴奋。4.The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。5.Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时， as 只是一个次要的时 间说明，不像 while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。 因此，as 常常翻译成 “随 着”之意。1.As the time went on， the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。2/ 102.The atmos

9、phere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。3.As years go by， China is getting stronger and richer. 随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。 少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生， as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算 是特例了。1.The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying. 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。2.As we were going out,

10、it began to snow.正 当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。3.He came in as I was going to bed.我 正要上床睡觉，他进来了。四、 when, while, as 的互换 如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生， 并且从句动作为延续性动词时， when，while ， as 可以互换使用。这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清 了。1.When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 dance 为延续性动词 2.When /While /As she was

11、 making a phone call, I was writing a letter. 当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 make 为延续性动词 3.While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。五、比较 while, when, as1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我刹车

12、后，有一个人向我走来。2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前， 只能用 when 引导这个从句，不可用 as 或 while。 例如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.干完活后，你可以休息一下。3）从句表示 “随时间推移 ”连词能用 as，不用 when 或 while 。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越 坏。2）比较 until 和 till 此两个连词意义相同。 肯定形式表示的意思是 “做某事直至某时 ”，动词必须是延 续性的。否定形式表

13、达的意思是 “直至某时才做某事 ”。动词为延续性或非延续性 都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是 否定式。肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用 before代替。 Lets get in the wheat before the sun s）ets. 否定句： She didn t arrive until 6 o 她直c到lock6. 点才到。 t get off the bus until it has stopped公. 共汽车停稳后再下车

14、。I didn t manage to do it until you had explained how直. 到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： 1）until 可用于句首，而 till 通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。3/ 10 3）until when 疑问句中， until 要放在句首。-Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

15、4）Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到 19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。5）It is not until that . It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had was

16、ted.6）表示“一就”的结构hardly/scarcely when/befonroe ,s ooner than和 as soon as 都可以表示 “一 就”的意思。I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果 hardly, scarcely 或 no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。Hardly / Sc

17、arcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.六、练习：在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词1 he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.2 he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3I saw her just she was getting off the train.4Have a good look at that man you pass him

18、.5It was already eight o clock e_ _g_ot_ t_h ewre.6.I was about to go out a visitor came.7We ll go to the country at the beginning of June, the summer harvest willstart.8.He learned to speak German he was in Berlin.9.Henry is in charge of the office Mr. Smith is away.10.I listen to the recorder I ha

19、ve time.11.He had learned Chinese he came to China.12. the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.13.I haven t seen him he moved to the s oidthee orf the town.14.I waited he came back.15.It was not he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.16.She likes everything to be in place she s

20、tarts to work.17.The thieves ran away they caught sight of the police.18.They decided to go back home their money ran out.19.We played outside till sunset, it began to ra。in4/ 1020. I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up. 21. Theywere about to leave it began to rain. 22. He always stay

21、 in bed lunch time.23. I like playing tennis my younger sister prefers watching ball games.24. I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you. 25. she grew older, she became more responsible.Key:1. When 2. While / When 3. as 4. when/as 5. when 6. when 7.when8. while9. while 10. whenever 11. befo

22、re12. After13.since14.till/until15. until 16.before 17.as soon as18. before19.20.As soonas 21.when22. until23. while24. While25.As 一、英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示 这种动词形式称作动词时态。 动作或状态发生的时间可以有现在、 过去、 将来和 过去将来四种，而发生的方式也有一般、进行、5/ 101、 一般现在时态：a.表示经常性或习惯性的动作b.现在的特征或状态c.普遍真理d.有些表示状态和感觉的动词。be, love, like

23、, hate, want, hope, need, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember, believe, guess,belong, seem, look, have, sound, sound, tast，e smell, touch, feel 等常可用于一般现 在时态。 e. 表示未来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句用一般现在时态。f. 一般现在时态还用在布告、天气预报、报纸、电台。 （ says）掌握一般现在时 态，还请记住下列 单词或词语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every day （morn

24、ing, week）, every other day 每隔一天 every three days, once （twice） a week （month, year）, in the morningg. 表示按计划或时刻要发生的事情2、 一般将来时态：a.表示将要发生的动作或情况。b.表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事情。掌握一般将来时态 的用法，请记住下列 单词和短语。In three days （an hour, half a year）, next week （Monday, month）, tomorrow, this afternoon （evening, coming

25、 Saturday-，） soon, some day, tonight, 等等。3、 一般过去时：a.一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（惯性的动作）b.在谈到已死人的情况时多用过去时态。c.有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生过的，应当用过去时 态。（ 1） 接到你的信很高兴。 I was glad to get your letter.（ 2） 最后的比分怎么样？ What was the final score?（ 3） 你觉得他们的表演怎么样？ How did you like their performance?（ 4） 我没想到你这样忙。 I didnt kn

26、ow you were so busy（ 5） 我以为你出去了。 I thought you were out.（ 6） 我没想到在这里碰到你。t expect to meet you here.（ 7） 你说什么？ What did you say? 掌握一般过去时态的用法，请记住下列单词或短语： last + 时间点；时间段 + ago； yesterday, just now, the other day （前几天 ）4、 过去将来时： 表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。5、 现在进行时：a.表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。b.在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有 “正

27、在 ”这样的字，在翻译英语时必须用进行时态。例：（1） 工作进行的怎么样？ How are you getting on with your work?6/ 10（2） 风挺大（下雨了） It s blowing hard. （raining）（3） 你等谁？ Who（m） are you waiting for?c.在一般现在时态中所列的表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不能用于进行时态， 因为它们不能表示正在进行的动作， 但是如果词义转变， 表示一个正在进行的动作， 就能够用于进行 时态。试比较：d.去向性动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作。但这仅限少量动词，如： go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等e.在 there和 here 引起的句子中，常可用一般现在时态代替现在进行时态： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming汽. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing铃. 声响了。