初中英语语法状语从句小结Word格式.docx

1、一般可译为“直到才”。eg. I hadnt realized she was foreign until she spoke. 她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法：一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。e

2、g. I havent heard any noise since I slept.Sleep为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher.约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。while表示“正当 时”； （指同时）用于同时进行的两延续性动作相伴随而发生，常对同类的两动作进行对比。eg. Please write while I read. 我念的时候，请写

3、下来。when表示“当 . 时：可表示瞬间、时间段，与主从句所述动作、事情可同时，也可有先后。例：eg. It was snowing when we got to the airport. 我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。（同时发生）。as当时，强调at the same time 不指先后，而指同时发生，尤指短动作或事件同时发生，eg. I looked; someone came here. 正当我看的时候，有个人走过来。 as不可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。eg. As I get older, I get more optimistic. 随着年龄变大我变得更加乐观。as、when、w

4、hile都可引导时间较长的同时发生的“背景”情况。eg. As （when, while） I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of a shop.当我顺着马路往前走的时候，我发现一家商店前停着一辆警车。注意：1. 在以as soon as, until, when等引导的时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时，而主句用将来时。2. since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时，并且动词用延续性动词。二、条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句动作发出的前提或条件、假想、推测等，条件状语从句通常由连词if,

5、 unless等引导。eg. Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空，我就帮你学英语。He wont be late unless he is ill. 他不会迟到的，除非他生病了。在if, unless等词引导的条件状语从句，主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来的含义。三、目的状语从句目的状语从句表示主句的动作发生的目的或愿望，可用so that, that, in order that等词引导。目的状语动词中常有情态动词may/might, can/could, should或

6、will/would.eg. He visited London in order that he could see his parents.He visited London so that he could see his parents. 为了看望父母他来到了伦敦。School was closed early in order that the children might get home ahead of the storm. 学校早放学，为的是让孩子们在暴风雨前到家。四、结果状语从句结果状语从句表示主句的动作所引起的结果，可以用sothat, suchthat等引导。eg. T

7、he burglar wore gloves, so that there were no fingerprints found. 窃贼带着手套，所以没有发现指纹。He spoke so quickly that only a few students could follow him. 他讲话太快，只有几个学生能听懂。The house is so expensive that very few people can afford it. 房子价格太贵，很少有人买得起。He was so good a runner that nobody could catch him. 他是跑步的能手，没

8、人能赶上他。It is such a good chance that we mustnt miss it. 如此好的机会我们绝不能错过。It is such nice weather that I dont like to stay at home. 天气这么好，我不愿呆在家里。辨析：sothat和suchthatsothat和suchthat的意思均为“如此以致”，都用来引导结果状语从句。但二者用法不尽相同，现归纳如下：1. sothat结构中的so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词；suchthat中的such为形容词，后面接名词（名词前可以有形容词修饰）。eg. He became so an

9、gry that he couldnt speak.他变得很生气，以致说不出话来。It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk.那是一个很晴朗的日子，我们出去散步。2. 当that前的名词有表示数量多少的many, much, few, little等修饰时，只能用so，不能用such.eg. There was so much noise outside that we couldnt hear the teacher.外面嘈杂声很大，以致我们不能听到老师的话。He had so many falls that he was black

10、 and blue all over.他跌了这么多的跤，以致全身青一块、紫一块的。若名词前的little解释为“小（的）”意思时，则仍用such, 而不能用so.eg. They are such little sheep that they cant run fast.它们是小绵羊，以至于它们跑得不快。3. 当that前是单数可数名词且该名词前面有形容词修饰时，so与such可以互换，即：soadj.a/ann.sucha/anadj.n.eg.She is so good a teacher that we all love her.She is such a good teacher t

11、hat we all love her.她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。4. 当that前是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，则必须用such，不能用so来代替。eg. It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是个好天气，他们都去游泳了。They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them. 它们是如此好的苹果，以致我们想吃它们。五、原因状语从句原因状语从句由because, as, for, since等引导。eg. We couldnt walk very fast be

12、cause the road was very slippery. 因为路滑我们走不快。As shes been ill, perhaps shell need some help. 她由于生病可能需要些帮助。Since youre not interested, I wont tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你。because, since, as和for1. because语气最强，表示直接原因，可用于回答 why 提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等，而其余三者均不行。eg. “Why didnt he come?” “Because he was i

13、ll.” “他为什么没来?”“因为他病了。”My stomach hurts because I have eaten too many apples. 我肚子痛，因为苹果吃得太多。Thats because you cant appreciate music. 这是因为你不能欣赏音乐。It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因为他诚实我才喜欢他。2. since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，译为“既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。eg. Since you dont like it, Ill put it away

14、.既然你不喜欢，我就把它放在一边。Since you are wrong, you should apologize. 你既然错了，就应该道歉。3. as “由于，鉴于”，指客观事实，常与since互换使用。eg. As there was no answer, I wrote again. 鉴于没回复，我又写了一封信。As you werent there, I left a message. 由于你不在那儿，我留了个口信。4. for 是并列连词，不说明直接原因而是对某种情况加以推断，其引导的分句前常有逗号。eg. He must be ill, for he is absent toda

15、y. 他一定是生病了，因为他今天没来。He took the food eagerly, for he has eaten nothing since dawn. 他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因为他从天亮都没吃过东西。六、比较状语从句常由than, asas, not as（so）as等连词引导。eg. John is taller than his brother. 约翰比他的弟弟高。Im as tall as you. 我和你一样高。He doesnt pay as much tax as we do/ as us. 他没有我们交的税款多。七、方式状语从句常由as, as if（as thoug

16、h）等连词引导。eg. Leave it as it is. 保持原状，别动它。Do it as I do it. 照我的样子做这件事。He treats me as if/ as though I were a child. 他把我当小孩子一样来对待。They completely ignore the fact as if/ as though it never existed. 他们完全忽略了这个事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。八、让步状语从句常由though（although）等连词引导。eg. Although it was cold, he went out without a coat

17、. 尽管天气很冷，他没有穿大衣就出去了。Though they are poor, they have enough to eat. 他们虽然很穷，食物还是够吃的。典型例题：1. I_ the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow.A. will return B. returned C. have returnedD. return解析：考查状语从句的时态。在if条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，故选A。2. Dick gave me a note while I_ in the library.I guess he made it to say

18、“sorry”to you.A. am readingB. was readingC. readsD. will read主句使用了一般过去时，时间状语从句也应使用过去的某种时态，这里应使用过去进行时，表示动作正在发生。下句I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you. 也为解题提供了很好的提示。故选B。3.Look! Here comes our school bus.No hurry. Dont get on it_ it has stopped.A. untilB. afterC. sinceD. when考查时间状语从句。句意为“看！我们的校车来了。”“

19、别急。等车停稳再上去吧。”选A，notuntil直到才，是固定搭配。4. I didnt know he came back_ I met him in the street.A. since B. whenC. untilD. After解析：句意为：直到在街上见到他，我才知道他回来了。notuntil是固定结构，表示“直到才”。故选C。 5. Ill do it better if the teacher_ me another chance.A. giveB. givesC. gaveD. will giveif引导的状语从句一般遵循“主将从现”的规则，故选B。6. When I wen

20、t to say goodbye to Anna, she_ the piano.A. is playingB. playsC. was playingD. playedWhen引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时，主句也应使用过去的某种时态，这里表示动作正在发生（她正在弹钢琴），用过去进行时，这能使描写的对象更加生动。7. I have been trying my best to study English_ I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics.A. untilB. becauseC. thou

21、gh考查原因状语从句。I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics. （我想有机会成为一名北京奥运会的志愿者）与I have been trying my best to study English（我一直在竭尽全力学习英语）构成因果关系，故选B。8. How was your climbing on Mount Tai？I didnt believe I could do it_ I got to the top.A. untilB. unlessC. afterD. whennotuntil“直到才”是

22、固定句式。句意为“你爬泰山的感受是什么？”“我简直难以置信，直到登上山顶”。9.Look at the noisy kids!Havent you heard the saying“When the cat is away, the mice_.”?A. playB. playedC. are playingD. will play考查含有时间状语从句的主句的时态。规律是：“主将从现”，即从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选D。“When the cat is away, the mice will play.”（相当于“山中无老虎，猴子称大王。”）10. He met many prob

23、lems_ he was going over his lessons.A. beforeB. as soon asC. sinceD. while考查时间状语从句中连词的选用。要从意义和句子逻辑两方面考虑。与as和when相比，叙述两个较长时间的动作，特别是提供“背景”的时间更长时，常用while，故选D。句意为“他在复习功课时碰到了许多问题。语法专练：一、时间、地点、条件、让步状语从句练习1. People behind you will be unhappy _ you talk too long on the phone.A. asB. forC. if2. _ you dont go

24、 to see the doctor, _ youll be worse.A. If; /B. If; andC. If; or 3. Mother was busy cooking in the kitchen _ father was watching TV in the sitting room.A. asB. when C. while4. Dont leave the office_ I come back.A. whenB. ifC. until5. I didnt go to bed_ all the TV programmes were over.A. untilB. when

25、C. after6. There are usually some people watching_ those retired workers play chess.A. whichB. whereC. as7. _ it was raining, _ we went on with our sports meeting.A. Though; /B. Though; butC. /; but8. I reached the station_ the train had just moved.A. untilB. afterC. as soon as9. The mouse had run into the hole_ the cat could catch it.A. beforeB. afterC. as soon as10. The baby stopped crying_ he saw his mother.A. untilB. as soon asC. then二、原因、比较、目的、结果状语从句练习。用所给的关联词将简单句连接成复合句。1. He didnt pass the exam. He hadnt gone over his lessons. （bec