H3C网络学院路由交换第四卷实验指导书Word文件下载.docx

1、1.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 1.1.1.2 Vlan11.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop02.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 2.2.2.2 Vlan22.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0也可以使用display interface命令。在RTA和RTB上配置公网接口互通所需的静态路由。RTAinterface GigabitE

2、thernet0/0RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0interface GigabitEthernet0/1RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0RTA-GigabitEthernet0/1ip route-static 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.2RTBinterface GigabitEthernet0/0RTB-GigabitEthernet0/0ip addre

3、ss 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0RTB-GigabitEthernet0/0interface GigabitEthernet0/1RTB-GigabitEthernet0/1ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0RTB-GigabitEthernet0/1ip route-static 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 2.2.2.2步骤三：配置GRE隧道接口RTA interface Tunnel0RTA-Tunnel0 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.252RTA-Tunnel0 sourc

4、e 1.1.1.1RTA-Tunnel0 destination 2.2.2.1RTB interface Tunnel0RTB-Tunnel0 ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.252RTB-Tunnel0 source 2.2.2.1RTB-Tunnel0 destination 1.1.1.1步骤四：为私网配置静态路由RTA ip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0RTB ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0配置时也可以用下一跳地址。

5、步骤五：检验隧道工作状况查看RTA与RTB的路由表，可见公网、私网路由均存在于路由表中： RTBdisplay ip routing-table 10 Routes : 101.1.1.0/24 Static 60 0 2.2.2.2 GE0/12.2.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 2.2.2.1 GE0/12.2.2.1/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 192.168.3.2 Tun0192.168.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 192.168.2.1 GE0/0192.168.2.1/32 Di

6、rect 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0192.168.3.0/30 Direct 0 0 192.168.3.2 Tun0192.168.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoop0查看RTA和RTB的隧道接口状态，可见其使用GRE封装，状态为UP：RTBdisplay interface Tunnel 0Tunnel0 current state: UPLine protocol current state:Description: Tunnel0 InterfaceThe Maximum Transmit Unit is 1476Internet A

7、ddress is 192.168.3.2/30 PrimaryEncapsulation is TUNNEL, service-loopback-group ID not set.Tunnel source 2.2.2.1, destination 1.1.1.1Tunnel keepalive disableTunnel protocol/transport GRE/IP GRE key disabled Checksumming of GRE packets disabledOutput queue : （Urgent queuing : Size/Length/Discards） 0/

8、100/0 （Protocol queuing : Size/Length/Discards） 0/500/0 （FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards） 0/75/0 Last 300 seconds input: 15 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec Last 300 seconds output: 21 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec 133 packets input, 5701 bytes 0 input error 124 packets output, 7469 bytes 0 output error在RTA上

9、打开GRE协议调试开关用debugging命令检验路由器实际收发的报文，说明其地址已经改变。terminal monitorterminal debuggingdebugging gre packet在PCA上对RTB运行ping命令，但只发送一个ICMP包：C:Documents and SettingsUserping -n 1 192.168.2.1Pinging 192.168.2.1 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 192.168.2.1: bytes=32 time2.2.2.1（length = 84）Output: Gre packet has

10、 been fast-switched successfully, interface index is 0x2f0000.可见RTA从Tunnel0接口发出了一个包，源地址为1.1.1.1，目的地址为2.2.2.1。因为发送的包已经被GRE封装后在公网发送了。步骤六：清除静态路由用undo ip route-static命令。步骤七：为公网配置动态路由RTAospf 1RTA-ospf-1area 0.0.0.0RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255RTBospf 1RTB-ospf-1area 0.0.0.0RTB-ospf

11、-1-area-0.0.0.0network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255SWAospf 1SWA-ospf-1area 0.0.0.0SWA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255SWA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255步骤八：为私网配置动态路由RTArip 1RTA-rip-1version 2RTA-rip-1network 192.168.1.0RTA-rip-1network 192.168.3.0RTBripRTB-rip-1version 2RT

12、B-rip-1network 192.168.2.0RTB-rip-1network 192.168.3.0步骤九：再次检验隧道工作状况查看RTA与RTB的路由表：RTBdisplay ip routing-table1.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 2.2.2.2 GE0/1192.168.1.0/24 RIP 100 1 192.168.3.1 Tun0转入下一实验任务。实验任务二：GRE VPN隧道验证单方配置隧道验证首先在RTA上单方启动隧道验证：RTA-Tunnel0gre key 1234检验隧道连通性用ping命令验证PCA与PCB之间的连通性。由于仅单方配置了隧道验证，

13、此时应该无法连通。ping 192.168.2.1Request timed out. Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 （100% loss）,配置错误的隧道验证在RTB上也启动隧道验证，但验证值配置与RTA不同：RTB-Tunnel0gre key 12345由于配置的隧道验证值错误，此时应该无法连通。正确配置隧道验证在RTB上配置与RTA相同的验证值：RTB-Tunnel0gre key 1234由于配置的隧道验证正确，此时应该可以连通。 bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254 Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0

14、（0% loss）, Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms注意：由于RTA和RTB上配置了RIP路由，如果隧道验证值长时间不匹配，RIP会删除来自对方的私网路由。在这种情况下，配置了正确的隧道验证值后需要等待RIP重新学习路由。实验任务三：GRE VPN隧道Keepalive恢复静态路由配置 RTAundo ripWarning : Undo RIP process? Y/N:yRTAundo ospf Undo OSPF process?RTAip route-static 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0

15、RTAip route-static 2.2.2.0 255.255.255.0 1.1.1.2RTBundo ripRTBundo ospfRTBip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0RTBip route-static 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 2.2.2.2模拟网络故障 SWA-Vlan-interface2shutdown检查RTA上的隧道接口状态在RTA上检查隧道接口状态，发现隧道接口状态仍然正常：RTAdisplay interface Tunnel 0The Maximum Transmit Unit

16、is 1472Internet Address is 192.168.3.1/30 PrimaryTunnel source 1.1.1.1, destination 2.2.2.1 GRE key value is 1234 0 bytes/sec, 0 packets/sec 1016 packets input, 100223 bytes 10 input error 981 packets output, 41128 bytes这说明其无法了解对端变化情况。这是因为在RTA上，隧道源地址所属接口正常，隧道目的地址所需的路由仍然存在。恢复网络故障SWA-Vlan-interface2un

17、do shutdown配置隧道KeepaliveRTAinterface Tunnel 0RTA-Tunnel0keepaliveRTBinterface Tunnel 0RTB-Tunnel0keepalive在RTA上启动debugging开关：debugging gre alldebugging tunnel all关闭SWA的VLAN2接口，模拟公网路由突然发生故障。SWA-Vlan-interface2shutdown观察效果，检验隧道连通性在RTA上观察debugging信息。输出信息形如：*Jun 26 17:31:54:794 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:T

18、unnel0 link state is UP, no change.55:508 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug: Before encapsulation, the packets ulLoopTimes is 0.32:968 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:33:00:293 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:05:332 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:06:45 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:10:369 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:408 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/deb

19、ug:%Jun 26 17:16:168 2009 RTA TUNNEL/4/LINK UPDOWN: Tunnel0: link status is DOWN168 2009 RTA IFNET/4/UPDOWN: Line protocol on the interface Tunnel0 is DOWN168 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:Tunnel0 down, because keepalive is not reached.169 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7/debug:Can not get tunnel ID when tunnel（index = 0x2f0000） state is down.Tunnel_DelTunnInUpTunnTbl: The tunnel（0x2f0000） state is down.169 2009 RTA TUNNEL/7