生理学专业术语Word格式文档下载.docx

1、36.Midsagittal plane正中矢狀面37.Thoracic cavity胸腔38.Pleural cavity胸膜腔39.Abdominal cavity腹腔40.Peritoneal cavity腹膜腔41.Retroperitoneal organ腹膜後器官42.Pelvic cavity骨盆腔43.Mediastinum縱膈腔44.Diaphragm橫膈45.Quadrants象限第三章 生物體的組織階層（The Tissue Level of Organization）1.Epithelial tissue上皮組織2.Squamous鱗狀3.Cuboidal立方4.Col

2、umnar柱狀5.Endothelium內皮6.Mesothelium間皮7.Microvilli微絨毛8.Cillia纖毛9.Flagella鞭毛10.Tight junction緊密接合11.Gap junction間隙接合12.Desmosomes胞橋小體13.Holocrine gland全漿分泌腺14.Apocrine gland頂漿分泌腺15.Merocrine gland局部分泌腺16.Connective tissue結締組織17.Fibroblasts纖維母細胞18.Macrophages巨噬細胞19.Plasma cells漿細胞20.Adipocytes脂肪細胞21.Ma

3、st cells肥胖細胞22.Tendon肌腱23.Ligament韌帶24.Aponeuroses腱膜25.Fascia筋膜26.Cartilage軟骨27.Bone硬骨28.Blood血液29.Collagen fiber膠原纖維30.Elastic fiber彈性纖維31.Reticular fiber網狀纖維32.Cutaneous membrane（Skin）皮膜33.Mucous membrane （Mucosa）黏膜34.Serous membrane （Serosa）漿膜35.Synovial membrane滑液膜36.Muscle tissue肌肉組織37.Myosin肌凝

4、蛋白38.Actin肌動蛋白39.Skeletal muscle骨骼肌40.Cardiac muscle心肌41.Smooth muscle平滑肌42.Myofilament肌絲43.Nervous tissue神經組織44.Neuron神經元45.Neuroglia神經膠細胞第四章 皮膚系統（The Integumentary System）1.Epidermis表皮2.Stratum basale（germinativum）基底層（增生層）3.Stratum corneum角質層4.Dermis真皮5.Hypodermis皮下層6.Carotene胡蘿蔔素7.Keratinocyte角質細

5、胞8.Merkel cells莫氏細胞9.Melanocyte黑色素細胞10.Melanin黑色素11.Langerhans cells蘭氏細胞12.Sebaceous glands皮脂腺13.Sweat glands汗腺14.Eccrine glands局泌汗腺（排泄汗腺）15.Apocrine glands頂泌汗腺（頂漿汗腺）16.Nails指（趾）甲第五章 骨骼系統（The Skeletal System）1.Diaphysis骨幹2.Epiphysis骨骺3.Spongy bone海綿骨4.Compact bone緻密骨5.Osteon骨元6.Trabeculae骨小樑7.Havers

6、ian canal哈氏管（中央管）8.Volkmanns canal佛氏管（穿通管）9.Bone marrow骨髓10.Osteocytes骨細胞11.Osteoclasts蝕骨細胞12.Osteoblasts造骨細胞13.Remodeling重塑14.Frontal bone額骨15.Parietal bones頂骨16.Occipital bone枕骨17.Temporal bones顳骨18.Sphenoid bone蝶骨19.Ethmoid bone篩骨20.Nasal bones鼻骨21.Maxillary bones（Maxillae）上頷骨22.Zygomatic bones顴骨

7、23.Mandible下頷骨24.Lacrimal bones淚骨25.Palatine bones腭骨26.Vomer犁骨（鋤骨）27.Hyoid bone舌骨28.Cervical vertebrae頸椎29.Atlas寰椎30.Axis樞椎31.Dens齒狀突32.Thoracic vertebrae胸椎33.Lumbar vertebrae腰椎34.Sacrum薦骨35.Coccyx尾骨36.Sternum胸骨37.Ribs肋骨38.Clavicles鎖骨39.Scapula肩胛骨40.Humerus肱骨41.Ulna尺骨42.Radius橈骨43.Carpus腕骨44.Metacar

8、pus掌骨45.Phalanges指（趾）骨46.Hip bone （Coxal bone）髖骨47.Ilium髂骨48.Ischium坐骨49.Pubis恥骨50.Femur股骨51.Patella髕骨（膝蓋骨）52.Tibia脛骨53.Fibula腓骨54.Tarsals跗骨55.Talus距骨56.Calcaneus跟骨57.Metatarsals蹠骨58.Joints （Articulations）關節59.Sutures縫60.Syndesmoses韌帶結合61.Gomphoses嵌合62.Synchondroses軟骨結合63.Symphyses聯合64.Flexion屈曲65.E

9、xtension伸直66.Abduction外展67.Adduction內收68.Eversion外翻69.Inversion內翻70.Circumduction迴旋71.Rotation旋轉72.Supination旋前73.Pronation旋後74.Plane joints滑動（平面）關節75.Hinge joints屈戌（樞紐）關節76.Pivot joints車軸（樞軸）關節77.Condyloid joints橢圓（髁狀）關節78.Saddle joints鞍狀關節79.Ball-and-Socket joints球窩（杵臼）關節80.Shoulder joint肩關節81.Elb

10、ow joint肘關節82.Wrist joint腕關節83.Hip joint髖關節84.Knee joint膝關節85.Ankle joint踝關節第六章 肌肉系統（The Muscular System）1.Origin起端2.Insertion止端3.Epicranius顱頂肌4.Zygomaticus顴肌5.Risorius笑肌6.Buccinator頰肌7.Platysma闊頸肌8.Masseter嚼肌9.Temporalis顳肌10.Digastric二腹肌11.Sternocleidomastoid（SCM）胸鎖乳突肌12.Scalenes斜角肌13.Splenius capi

11、tis頭夾肌14.Semispinalis capitis頭半棘肌15.Trapezius斜方肌16.Serratus anterior前鋸肌17.Levator scapulae提肩胛肌18.Pectoralis major胸大肌19.Latissimus dorsi闊背肌20.Deltoid三角肌21.Teres minor小圓肌22.Coracobrachialis喙肱肌23.Biceps brachii肱二頭肌24.Triceps brachii肱三頭肌25.Palmaris longus掌長肌26.Pronator quadratus旋前方肌27.Brachioradialis肱橈肌

12、28.Diaphragm29.Rectus abdominis腹直肌30.Gluteus medius臀中肌31.Biceps femoris股二頭肌32.Semitendinosus半腱肌33.Semimembranosus半膜肌34.Sartorius縫匠肌35.Adductor longus內收長肌36.Gracilis股薄肌37.Quadriceps femoris股四頭肌38.Tensor fasciae latae闊筋膜張肌39.Tibialis anterior脛骨前肌40.Fibularis longus腓骨長肌41.Fibularis brevis腓骨短肌42.Gastroc

13、nemius腓腸肌43.Soleus比目魚肌44.Calcaneal （Achilles） tendon阿基里氏腱（跟腱）第七章 神經組織與中樞神經系統（Neural Tissue and the Central Nervous System）1.Central nervous system（CNS）中樞神經系統2.Peripheral nervous system（PNS）周邊神經系統3.Autonomic nervous system（ANS）自主神經系統4.Sympathetic system交感神經系統5.Parasympathetic system副交感神經系統6.Sensory （

14、Afferent） division感覺（傳入）部分7.Motor （Efferent） division運動（傳出）部分8.Neurons9.Soma細胞本體10.Nissl bodies尼氏體11.Ganglia神經節12.Dendrites樹突13.Axon軸突14.Neuroglia15.Synapse突觸16.Astrocytes星狀膠細胞17.Oligodendrocytes寡樹突膠細胞18.Microglia微小膠細胞19.Ependymal cells室管膜細胞20.Schwann cells許旺氏細胞21.Myelin sheath髓鞘22.Nodes of Ranvier蘭

15、氏結23.Neurilemma神經膜24.Nerves神經25.Reflex反射26.Brain腦部27.Cerebrum大腦28.Cerebral hemisphere大腦半球29.Cerebral cortex大腦皮質30.Insula腦島31.Cerebral white matter大腦白質32.Corpus callosum胼胝體33.Basal nuclei（Basal ganglia）基底核（基底神經節）34.Hippocampus海馬35.Amygdaloid nucleus杏仁核36.Diencephalon間腦37.Thalamus丘腦38.Hypothalamus下丘腦3

16、9.Optic chiasma視交叉40.Mammillary bodies乳頭體41.Epithalamus上丘腦42.Pinal gland松果腺43.Brain stem腦幹44.Midbrain中腦45.Corpora quadrigemina四疊體46.Substantia nigra黑質47.Pons橋腦48.Medulla oblongata延髓49.Decussation of the pyramids錐體交叉50.Cerebellum小腦51.Vermis蚓部52.Limbic system邊緣系統53.Reticular formation網狀結構54.Spinal cor

17、d脊髓55.Meninges腦脊髓膜56.Dura mater硬膜57.Arachnoid mater蜘蛛膜58.Pia mater軟膜59.Epidural space硬膜上腔60.Subarachnoid space蜘蛛膜下腔61.Cerebrospinal fluid（CSF）腦脊髓液62.Blood-brain barrier（BBB）血腦屏障63.Ventricles腦室第八章 周邊神經系統及自主神經系統（The Peripheral Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System）1.Sensory receptors感覺接受器2.Mecha

18、noreceptors機械受器3.Thermoreceptors溫度受器4.Chemoreceptors化學受器5.Photoreceptors光受器6.Nociceptors傷害性感受器7.Meissner corpuscles梅斯納氏小體8.Pacinian corpuscles巴齊尼氏小體9.Muscle spindle肌梭10.Golgi tendon organ高基氏肌腱器11.Olfactory nerves嗅神經12.Optic nerves視神經13.Oculomotor nerves動眼神經14.Trochlear nerves 滑車神經15.Trigeminal nerve

19、s 三叉神經16.Abducens nerves 外展神經（外旋神經）17.Facial nerves 顏面神經18.Vestibulocochlear nerves 前庭耳蝸神經19.Glossopharyngeal nerves 舌咽神經20.Vagus nerves 迷走神經21.Accessory nerves 副神經22.Hypoglossal nerves 舌下神經23.Plexus神經叢24.Cervical plexus頸神經叢25.Brachial plexus臂神經叢26.Lumbar plexus腰神經叢27.Sacral plexus薦神經叢28.Phrenic ner

20、ve膈神經29.Axillary nerve腋神經30.Musculocutaneous nerve肌皮神經31.Radial nerve橈神經32.Median nerve正中神經33.Ulnar nerve尺神經34.Femoral nerve股神經35.Obturator nerve閉孔神經36.Sciatic nerve坐骨神經37.Tibial nerve脛神經38.Common fibular nerve腓總神經39.Superior gluteal nerve臀上神經40.Inferior gluteal nerve臀下神經41.Pudendal nerve陰部神經42.Derm

21、atomes皮節43.Sympathetic division44.Parasympathetic division45.Preganglionic neuron節前神經元46.Postganglionic neuron節後神經元47.Autonomic ganglion自主神經節48.Ciliary ganglion睫狀神經節49.Pterygopalatine ganglion翼腭神經節50.Submandibular ganglion下頷下神經節51.Otic ganglion聽（耳）神經節52.Intramural ganglion壁內神經節53.Sympathetic trunk g

22、anglia交感神經幹神經節54.Prevertebral ganglia脊柱前神經節55.Celiac ganglia腹腔神經節56.Superior mesenteric ganglia腸繫膜上神經節57.Inferior mesenteric ganglia腸繫膜下神經節58.inferior hypogastric ganglia下腹下神經節59.Adrenal medulla腎上腺髓質第九章 一般感覺和特殊感覺（The General and Special Senses）1.Conjunctiva結膜2.Cornea角膜3.Sclera鞏膜4.Choroid脈絡膜5.Ciliary body睫狀體6.Iris虹膜7.Pupil瞳孔8.Retina視網膜9.Rod cells桿狀細胞10.Cone cells錐狀細胞11.Bipolar cells雙極細胞12.Ganglion cells神經節細胞13.Macula lutea黃斑14.Fovea centralis中央凹15.Optic disc視盤16.Aqueous humor房水17.Lens水晶體18.Optic chiasma19.Optic tract視徑20.Optic radiation視放射21.Tympanic membrane鼓膜22.Auditory