最新届巢湖一中高考化学第一轮复习实验知识点归纳典型例题及配套练习题优秀名师资料.docx

1、最新届巢湖一中高考化学第一轮复习实验知识点归纳典型例题及配套练习题优秀名师资料2013届巢湖一中高考化学第一轮复习实验知识点归纳、典型例题及配套练习题高考化学实验知识点归纳、典型例题及配套练习题 一、实验基础知识 1. 常用化学仪器 (1)应用要点:熟悉常用仪器结构特点、用途和应用注意事项，主要有加热容器、分离仪器、计量仪器等。 (2)注意事项:加热容器要区分是直接加热还是隔石棉网加热;分离仪器要区分是用于分液、过滤还是蒸馏;计量仪器要特别注意零刻度的位置及读数的精度要求。 2. 常用试剂的使用与贮存 (1)应用要点:着重了解露置在空气中易变质的试剂、见光或受热易分解的试剂、易挥发的试剂、易燃

2、试剂、不宜用玻璃试剂瓶盛放的试剂等。 (2)注意事项:试剂的使用和贮存方法是由试剂的物理性质和化学性质所决定的。易与空气中氧气、水蒸气和二氧化碳反应的试剂不能长时露置在空气中;见光易分解的试剂应存放在棕色瓶中，置于冷暗处;受热易分解的试剂和易挥发的试剂应存放在冷暗处;能与玻璃中的二氧化硅反应生成硅酸钠的试剂，如NaOH、NaCO等不宜放在磨口玻23璃试剂瓶中。 3. 气体制备与净化 1)应用要点:掌握常见气体的制备反应、制备装置、收集方法、尾气吸收等。 (2)注意事项:气体的制备装置的选择主要根据反应物的状态和是否需要加热;收集方法的选择主要看气体的水溶性和密度，以及是否与空气中的氧气反应;尾

3、气吸收时要注意防止倒吸。 4. 物质的检验、分离和提纯 1)应用要点:要注意区分检验、分离、提纯的区别;掌握常见离子检验的检验方法;(掌握分离和提纯的试剂选择依据和分离操作方法。 (2)注意事项:要注意三者在目的上的不同。检验是对物质进行鉴别或鉴定;分离是将混合物中各组分分开;提纯是除去混合物中的杂质。由于目的不同，所选试剂及分离方法也要相应地变化。 5. 定量实验 (1)应用要点:掌握四个定量实验(中和滴定、配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液、中和热的测定、硫酸铜晶体中结晶水含量的测定)的实验原理、主要仪器和装置、操作要点、数据处理和误差分析等。 (2)注意事项:要在熟悉仪器构造的前提下掌握操作方法

4、和读数方法;在深入理解原理的基础上掌握数据处理和误差分析方法。 二、综合实验 (1)应用要点:能够根据实验目的选择仪器和装置、确定装置的接口顺序;能够设计简装实验;能够对实验原理、仪器、操作等的进行评价。 (2)注意事项:要注意区分洗气瓶长进短出和短进长出时的不同用途;。实验设计要遵循科学性、安全性、可行性和简约性四个基本原则;在掌握好实验基础知识的前提下才有可能正确地评价实验。 1( 典型例题: for examination and approval, to return part or all of the loan in advance. 5.8 contract contract s

5、pecific requirements: first, the borrower and other clients; Second, loan person double charge and other parties signed a contract with the borrower and agent signature of contract; Third, customers signed loan contract, contract of natural person, must be checked and fingerprinted by himself, you m

6、ay not use personal name instead be signed, shall not authorize others to sign; Four, the pledgor, mortgagor due to special reasons not to sign the contract, may authorize others to sign the contract and retained after the notary notarized power of Attorney (parties abroad, outside the territory of

7、China sent or delivered by a power of attorney shall be certified by the notary public of the country, and certified by the Embassy or Consulate in the country). Agent required to audit mandates are clear, the content is complete (a power of Attorney sample record form five), whether the expiration

8、date within PART_STORE_00102). Rule2 2nd set of goods was moved to the 2nd from the left the cage inside the vehicle Click on smart properties of oriented window screen to the right of login rule the period of validity, and audit the original identity card of the authorized person, and keep copies.

9、Contracts signed by the authorized person authorized, in the signature bar marked authorized person, and signed by the authorized persons name; Five, contract signing and client identity, signature, fingerprint is clear; Six, fill in the contract specification subject to change should be stamped wit

10、h the account manager in charge name and thumbprint signature by the parties to show proof, blank partsettings |, suppresses bed 2 choice, bed to bed and set 1. Note 2: no storage of empty pallets out of the library, which had no cargo, even from the 2nd floor of the library, operator could not be u

11、nloaded, so be sure to select 1. Set of layers using the toolbar in the L1 button and the L2 button, 1-and 2-story model can be displayed. Click the layer 2 . Start simulation can be seen even without manual operation after giving out instructions tray will automatically outbound scene. Instruction

12、unit: logistics management the management of humanities teaching and research guide book makers: developing period of Chen Xiao Juan Guide: 2015-3-15 guide book reviewer: He (a) the monthly interest payment, due in principal and interest with the Qing dynasty; (B) a one-time debt; (C) declining reim

13、bursement, namely, equal monthly repayment, decreasing loan interest; (D) the payments are of equal value, equal installments on a monthly loan payment of principal and interest. Second, specific method of repayment in accordance with the relevant operational management procedures. 5.6 roll over loa

14、ns, according to the relevant business management approach of provisions, some personal loans approved, can apply for renewal; Second, within one year (inclusive) of personal loans, extended term total may not exceed the term of the loan; more than a one-year personal loan, extended term today added

15、 to the original term of the loan shall not exceed the maximum loan under the loan terms. 5.7 apply in prepayment prepayment a borrower shall be in writing and, after it has been accepted 例1(某同学在实验报告中写有以下操作和实验数据，其中合理的是_(填编号) ?用托盘天平称取11.7g食盐 ?用量筒取5.62mL某浓度的盐酸 ?用pH试纸测得某溶液的pH值为3.5 ?滴定某未知浓度的盐酸用去23.15mLN

16、aOH标准溶液 ?用500mL容量瓶配制250mL 0.1mol/L NaSO溶液 24?用酸式滴定管量取25.00mL已知浓度的KMnO溶液 4答案:? 例2(如图是一套实验室制气装置，用于发生、干燥和收集气体。下列各物质中能利用这套装置进行实验的是 A(铜屑和稀硝酸 B(二氧化猛和浓盐酸 C(电石和水 D(碳酸钙和稀盐酸 E(硫化亚铁和稀硝酸 答案:D 例3(下列仪器的瓶塞不能用磨口玻璃塞的的是( ) A( 盛放溴水的试剂瓶 B( 配制苛性钠溶液时所用的容量瓶 C( 盛放偏铝酸钠溶液的试剂瓶 D( 盛放水玻璃的试剂瓶 答案:C、D 例4(下列各组混合物的分离或提纯方法正确的是( ) A(用过滤法分离Fe(OH)胶体和FeCl溶液的混和物 33B(用结晶法提纯NaCl和KNO的混合物中KNO33 C(用蒸馏法分离乙醇和乙酸的