初中语法 现在完成时练习无答案Word格式文档下载.docx

1、- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light.（有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑） - Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free.（我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空）用法2：表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。（从10年前开始,持续到现在还在

2、学）She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时（半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游）用法3：表示曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? （你曾去过颐和园吗?）I have never driven a car. （我从开未过汽车。用法4：现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。This is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车。用法5：现在完

3、成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最的。Its the most boring film Ive ever seen. 这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。三、现在完成时的常用标志性词（一）for+一段时间，since+过去时间，表示从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。注1）: since 也可单独使用, 表示“自那时起”; 另外since前也可加上ever,以加强语气.I have been here （ever） since. I have been here （ever） since I graduated in 2000.注2）: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how

4、long, 决不能用when.I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?（二）just, lately, recently是完成时的时间状语，just now 有a moment ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。just表示“刚刚”，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。They have just finished

5、 the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作The train has just arrived. 火车刚到。Did you see Joan just now? 你刚才看到琼了吗？Have you heard from your family lately/recently? 你最近收到家人的来信了吗？ （三）in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；in the past意思是“在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few yea

6、rs. 过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。Where did you work in the past? 你过去在哪里工作？（四） before泛指“以前”时，可用于现在完成时中；ago表示“现在的一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的时间状语Ive never been to Japan before. 我以前没去过日本。She went to Japan a year ago. 她一年前去了日本。He has started his work ten years before. 他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他

7、的工作的。（五）ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有”，表示全部否定。Have you ever seen the film?” 你曾经看过这部影片吗？No. I have never seen it. 没有， 从来没看过。Nobody in our class has ever been there. 我们班没有人去过那。We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将never变成ever; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回

8、答时可用“No, never.”He has ever made dumplings.否定句: Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.（六）already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否定句中有“还”之意。“Has the bus left yet”? 汽车开走了吗？“Yes. It has already left.” 是的，已经开走了。（“No. It hasnt left yet.） 不 ，还没有开走。 注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变

9、成yet放在句末. I have already done my homework. 否定句: I havent done my homework yet. 一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?（七）so far（到目前为止） 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon. 到目前为止， 还没有人到月球以外旅行。四、短暂动词与延续动词现在完成时态中和表示一段时间的状语（for，since，how long, all ones life）连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或

10、动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?英语中有一些动词的意义决定它们所表示的动作不能延续，只是一瞬间就结束的动作,这类动词叫做“非延续性动词”，常见的有：come，go，arrive，reach，see，hear，close，open，leave，begin

11、，start，lose，buy，fall，join，die，get up，become，borrow，lend，find，finish，receive等。这些动词可用于现在完成时，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。He has come back.（）He has come back for two hours.（ 但在否定句中，非延续性动词也可用表示一段时间的状语来修饰，如I havent heard from my father for a long time. We havent seen him sin

12、ce 1999.当终止性动词（非延续性动词）与表示一段时间的状语（how long，since，for，all ones life）相矛盾时,改正错句的方法有如下几种:（1）用副词ago把现在完成时的句子改为一般过去时.He has come back for two weeks.（错）改为: He came back two weeks ago.（正）I have lost my bike for ten days. （错） I lost my bike ten days ago. （正）（2）用“It is / has been时间since一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has join

13、ed the League for 3 years. （错）It is 3 years since he joined the League.（正）I have bought the book for 5 days. （错）It is 5 days since I bought the book. （正）He has died for 20 years. （错）It is 20 years since he died. （正）（3）用“时间has passedsince一般过去时态”句型来改写。He has left home for 20 years. Twenty years has pa

14、ssed since he left home.He has lost his pen for 2 days. Two days has passed since he lost his pen.（4）用系表结构来改写.He has died for 20 years. He has been dead for 20 years.The factory has opened since 1999. The factory has been open since 1999.How long has he left? How long has he been away?（5）用相应的延续性动词替代

15、非延续性动词。He has bought the book for two weeks. He has had the book for two weeks.电影开始五分钟了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began.The film began five minutes ago.他参军已有三年。He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为：He has been in the army for three years / since t

16、hree years ago.He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.He joined the army three years ago.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：1、have代替buy My brother has had（不能用has bought） this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept（不能用have borrowed） the book for quite a few days. 3、用

17、be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on 6、用“be形容词”代终止性动词 bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall （get） ill bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall （get） asleep beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave beopen代

18、open 8、be closed代close/shut bemissing（gone, lost）代lose 7、用“be副词”代终止性动词 beon代start, begin beup代get up beback（to）代return to,come back to,go back to be here （there）代come（arrive,reach,get） here或go （arrive,reach,get） there等等 8、用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 be in/at +地点代替go to /come to be in the army代替join the army be

19、in/at +地点代替move to 附：常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have bee

20、n up；7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borro

21、wed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Par

22、tys member/the league member/the soldier 小练习：1. He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three da

23、ys ago. - He has been here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been off for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour

24、 ago. - The door has been open for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 翻 译 练 习：1. 我买了这块手表五年了。I have bou

25、ght this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. 2. 这位老人已经死了十年了。The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago. 3. 他已经回来三天了。He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 4. 自从六点钟他就来这儿了。H

26、e has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. 5. 我离开家乡已十年了。I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.五、注意事项1. have been to 和have gone to的区别 have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to

27、主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：Wheres your mother? 你妈妈在哪？She has gone to the hospital. 她去医院了。2. have been to 和have been in的区别 have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。eg. She has been to Shanghai only once.How many times has he been there? Hes been there many times.have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间

28、的状语。eg. They have been at the bus stop for half an hour. 他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站）We have been in Xian for two weeks. 我们在西安呆了两个多星期。（现仍在西安）How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别He went to Shanghai last week. 上周他去了上海。上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他（曾经）到/去过上海。在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了。也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了。 现在还在上海没有离开呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.以前他在上海住过10年。现在不在上海了 小练习（1）He came to our village two years ago.=He our villag