简明实用英语讲解.docx

1、简明实用英语讲解第一单元 英语字母元音字母和辅音字母英语字母共有26个。其中A,E,I,O,U是元音字母，其余的是辅音字母，但字母Y有时也可作为元音字母。元音字母是组成单词的基本要素，因而英语单词中均有元音字母，而辅音字母不能单独构成单词。英语音素及读音规则英语的国际音标共有48个，它能帮助我们正确地朗读单词。按规定音标必须写在方括号 内，以示与英语字母的区别。下列为英语48个音素的分类表； 48个英语音标表 （20个元音+28个辅音）单元音(12个)短元音i u e长元音i: : : u: : 双元音(8个)ai ei i au u i e u 清浊成对的辅音（10对）清辅音p t k f

2、s tr ts t 浊辅音b d g v z dr dz d其他辅音（8个）h m n l r w ji lip tomato box u book cup apple i: tea : bird : ball u: food : car e eggai bike au cow i earei table u boat e beari boy u tourist p potato t tomato k cow f food thank ssea b bird d dog ggoose v van this zzootr tree ts cats shoes t trouserdr drive

3、dz beds pleasure d jobh hat m meat n nail wing l leg r rat w wall j yes元音字母在单词中的读音-开音节开音节有两种：a) 以元音字母结尾的音节，如：no my be he so,以及“元音字母+e (一般不读音)”结尾的音节，如：see hoe pie due.b) “一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r除外）+e(不读音)”结尾的音节，如：eve use name note life开音节读音规则：元音字母在开音节中一般读其字母名称音。元音字母在单词中的读音-闭音节闭音节:以“一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母”街尾的音节叫闭音节

4、，如: at end if on must闭音节读音规则：元音字母在闭音节中读所规定的的短元音,即AaEeIi (Yy)OoUuei一个单词中的音节数一般是由元音字母及其组合的数量决定的，即单词中元音字母或字母组合有几个（不发音的结尾e除外），一般就有几个音节。如;student 为二个音节，teacher 为二个音节，chemistry为三个音节，technology 为四个音节，electricity 为五个音节。分类词汇一（Classified Glossaries I）各种类型船舶名称（Names for Various Kinds of Ships）远洋船 ocean-going s

5、hip 内燃机船 motor vessel (M.V.) 蒸汽机船 steam ship (S.S.) 汽轮机船 turbine steamer 柴油机船 diesel engine ship 机动船 power- driven vessel 干货船 dry cargo ship 水果船 fruit carrier 肉类船 meat ship 冷藏船 refrigerator ship 谷物船 grain carrier 运木船 lumber/timber carrier 运煤船 collier 运粮船 grain carrier 矿砂船 ore carrier 牲口船 cattle ship

6、 散货船 bulk carrier 集装箱船 container vessel 引水船 pilot boat 气象观测船 weather ship护航船 escorting vessel 实习船 training ship 海底钻探船 drill ship 海底电缆敷设船 cable ship 检疫船 quarantine ship 货船 freighter （定期）邮船 mail liner 不定期船 tramper 客船 passenger ship 油船 oil tanker 破冰船 ice-breaker 挖泥船 dredger 救生艇 life boat 补给船 supply shi

7、p 消防船 fire boat 供水船 water boat 煤灰船 ash boat 垃圾船 garbage boat 油驳 oil barge 煤驳coal barge 拖轮 tug 木帆船 junk 气垫船 air cushion craft 艇筏 raft 军舰 war ship / man of war 巡洋艇 cruiser 航空母舰 aircraft carrier 登陆艇 landing craft 潜水艇 submarine 分类词汇二Classified Glossaries II）船员职务名称（Name for The Ranks of Ships Crew）甲板部(De

8、ck Department)Captain(master) 船长Chief officer( chief mate, first mate) 大副Second officer(second mate) 二副Third officer(third mate) 三副Assistant officer 驾助 radio officer (radio operator) 报务员Bosun (boatswain) 水手长 carpenter 木匠 quartermaster 舵工Able seaman (A.B) 一水 ordinary seaman （O.S）二水轮机部（Engine Departme

9、nt）Chief engineer 轮机长 second engineer大管轮Third engineer 二管轮Fourth engineer 三管轮 assistant engineer 轮助Electrical engineer 电机员 No1 oiler 机工长（加油长）motorman 机工Oiler 加油(机工) cleaner (wiper) 清洁工 electrician 电工服务部（Stewards Department）Purser(chief steward) 管事 cock 厨师 chief cock 大厨 steward 服务员Doctor 医生 second co

10、ck 二厨分类词汇三（Classified Glossaries iii）船舶结构名称（Name for the Structure of a ship）Stern 船尾 steering gear room 舵机室 deck house 甲板室Storeroom 储藏室 fore peak 前尖舱 NO.1 hold 1号舱Engine room 机舱 starboard 右舷 port 左舷 escape trunk 逃生口Funnel 烟囱 accommodation deck 起居甲板 rudder 舵练习按下面顺序朗读26个字母A B D C F G H I J K L M N V

11、W X Y O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z拼读下列音标【meik】 rein heist weiv reid led tel red west set miks hit zip rid wil i:v mi:t ri:l hi:p wi:v main taip vain saiz wain eik ift drai dres trai 熟练读出下列各名称的英文远洋船 ocean-going ship 内燃机船 motor vessel (M.V.) 蒸汽机船 steam ship (S.S.) 汽轮机船 turbine steamer 柴油机船 diesel engine sh

12、ip 机动船 power- driven vesselCaptain(master) 船长Chief officer( chief mate, first mate) 大副Second officer(second mate) 二副Third officer(third mate) 三副Chief engineer 轮机长 second engineer大管轮Third engineer 二管轮Fourth engineer 三管轮 assistant engineer 轮助会话Do you understand? Yes. I do. No, I dont 懂了吗？懂了。不懂Are you

13、ready? Yes, We are. 准备好了吗？准备好了。Class is over. 下课了 Its time for lunch 午饭时间到了。第二单元 问候（Greeting）告别（farewell）本课学习重点：To greet somebody 问候别人 To farewell somebody 与人告别Useful Expressions1. 只要是朋友都能用的：Hows everything? How is your family? How is your work?Everything is good. Quite well. Thank you. Just same as

14、 usual.Whats up? Im ok. Just so so Pretty good. Im very terrible. How are you?Fine ,thank you and you?2. 第一次见面：Nice to meet you. Glad to meet you.How do you do？3. 很久没见的朋友：Long time no see.4. 一般问候Good morning Good afternoon Good evening Good nightWelcome on aboard Welcome to Dalian 5再见常用说法 Goodbye se

15、e you later 一般用法 Take care See you soon So long (用于较熟的朋友)约定下次见面时间的用法 See you tomorrow (next week, on Monday, etc)Dialogues1) A: Hello, Mike.B: Hi， David. How are you?A: Fine, thanks. How are you?B：Oh, Just so so. 2）A: Ive come to say goodbye.B: when are you off ?A: Im flying home in this afternoon.B

16、: Well, goodbye. See you soon.A：Please dont forget to say goodbye to the rest of your family for me.练习1. 早上好，麦克。-您早。2. 工作怎么样？-还行。3. 家里好吗？-很好，谢谢。4. 等会见。5. 下个星期见。第三单元 Thanks and Apologies本科学习重点: Thanks 感谢 Apologies 道歉1） Thanks 感谢他人:Thank you Thank you very muchThank you for your help.I appreciate it v

17、ery much 我非常感激Its very kind of you 你真好对他人感谢的回应:Youre welcome. 不用谢Its my pleasure.Dont mention it. 不用谢。别客气Not at all. 没什么Its nothing 没什么2） Apologies 向他人道歉:Sorry.Im sorry for troubling you 对不起麻烦你了Pardon me 对不起 请原谅Excuse me 对不起 Please forgive me 请原谅我Its my fault. 这是我的错I must apologize. 我必须道歉对他人道歉的回应：No

18、t at all. It doesnt matter. 没关系Its not your fault. 这不是你的错Never mind 不要紧 没关系Dont worry 别担心。Thats all right. 那没什么。Dialogues O- duty officer C-Captain A-agentO:This is our Captain. This our Agent. C: How do you do, Mr. Agent?A: How do you do, Captain?C: Im sorry to keep you waiting.A: Its nothing.C: Si

19、t down, please. Have a cigarette.A：Thanks。C：May I know your name?A: My name is Mike.C: Mr. Mike, have a cup of tea?A: How nice China tea! I like it very muchC: Mr. Mike, lunch is ready. Have lunch with us on board.A: No, thank you. I must be off now.Good bye!C: Good-bye!练习1. 非常感谢你的帮助2. 很高兴可以帮助你3. 请原

20、谅我的错误-那不是你的错。4. 对不起，让你久等了。-没关系5. 对不起，稍等一会。6. John: Im sorry for troubling you.Mike:-A: Fine, thank you. B：Its nothing at all.C: Im a student.第四单元 数词（Numeral）基数词和序数词 （Cardinal Numerals and Ordinal Numerals）阿拉伯数字基数序数序数缩写1onefirst1st2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sev

21、enseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18th19nineteennineteenth19th20twentytwentieth20th30thirtythirtieth30t

22、h40fortyfortieth40th50fiftyfiftieth50th60sixtysixtieth60th70seventyseventieth70th80eightyeightieth80th90ninetyninetieth90th100a(one)hundredhundredth100th1,000a(one)thousandthousandth1,000th1,000,000a(one)millionmillionth1,000,000th100,000,000a(one)billionbillionth100,000,000th任何非整十位数的两位数，是由相应的整十位数加个

23、位数构成，期间用连字号“-“例如：39 thirty-nine 54 fifty-four 72 seventy-two 86 eighty-six任何三位或三位以上的数字，是由相应的百位数和十位数间用连词and连接构成（也有不用and的情况）例如：491 four hundred and ninety-one.650 six hundred and fifty（或six hundred fifty）3,872 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.在三位或三位以上的数字，hundred,thousand,million 等不用复数形式。多位

24、序数词用将相应基数词的个位数变为序数词的方法构成。例如：第二十四 twenty-fourth第一百五十八 one hundred and fifty-eighth第六百九十二 six hundred and ninety-second第三千八百七十五 three thousand eight hundred and sevety-fifth序数词的缩写式，是在相应阿拉伯数字后面加上序数词最后两个字母。例如：1st , 2nd,3rd, 5th,21st,42nd,63rd,84th,197th 等其他数字等的表示法1分数词分数词是由基数词和序数词一起构成，分子是用基数词，分母是用序数词。分子大

25、于1时，分母用序数词的复数形式。列如：1/2 one half 或者 one second2/3 two thirds 3/4 three fourths2 小数的读数3.764 读作 three point seven six four0.02 读作 zero point zero two98.052 读作 ninety-eight point zero five two3 百分数的读法82% 读作 eighty two per cent0.75% 读作 point seventy-five per cent4.其他Degree minute second 100306” ten degre

26、e thirty minute six second练习读出下列数字49 59 68 324 896 3,456 1,234 34,678 391,4562,376,123写出下列的英文表达方式86% 76.4315048、17”7/9 三又四分之三Find the right numbers第五单元 时间和日期（Time and Dates）Expression of time 时间的表达方式Expression of dates 日期的表达方式1 Useful Expressions1) What time is it?8:00-Its eight oclock.8:05-Its five

27、 past eight. (Its eight five.)8:15-Its a quarter past eight.（Its eight fifteen.）8:30-Its half past eight. ( Its eight thirty.)8:45-Its fifteen to nine. (Its eight forty five.)2) What day is today?Today is Monday. Its Monday. (Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday).3) Whats the date

28、today?Today is June 1st. Its June 1st.Today is June 3rd. Its June 3rd.Today is June 14th. Its June 14th.4) What are the months in a year?They are January. （February, March, April, May, June, August, September, October, November, and December.）5) Whats the four seasons in a year?They are spring, summer, autumn and winter.2. Dialogues1.A: Excuse me, What time is it?B:Its seven twenty.A：Have a cup of coffee. Ok?B: Sorry, I must go to work on seven thirty.A: I see, how about twelve oclock?B: NO problem, see you.2.C-captain Ssteersman Tthird o