安全工程专业英语Unit19翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War .尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。4. This legislation was important because it stressed the control

2、 of workplace hazards. This, in turn, defined a clear area of practice for the previously loosely organized safety profession. Other legislation passed during the next twenty years has increased the scope of safety practice into areas of environmental protection, product safety, hazardous materials

3、management and designing safety into vehicles, highways, process plants and buildings.这部法律很重要，因为它强调工作场所的危险控制，同时这部法律也为以前不成体系的安全业务划定了工作范围。此后20年中通过的一些立法，将安全业务的范围扩大到了环境保护、产品安全、危险物料管理以及机动车辆、高速公路、加工厂和房屋的安全设计等方面。5. As a result, the safety profession has respect from other established professions such as en

4、gineering, medicine and law（all of which had traditionally been involved in hazard control, but had no special training in it）.因此安全专业受到了其他发展已经较为成熟的工医药及法律这样的专业的仰慕，这些专业的人们过去经常涉及危险控制问题，但是很缺乏专业化的训练。6. Safety professionals apply principles drawn from such disciplines as engineering, education, psychology

5、, physiology, enforcement, hygiene, health, physics, and management. They use appropriate methods and techniques of loss prevention and loss control. “Safety science” is a twenty-first century term for everything that goes into the prevention of accidents, illnesses, fires, explosions and other even

6、ts which harm people, property and the environment.安全专业人员综合运用工程学、教育学、心理学、生理学、法律法规、卫生、健康、物理、以及管理学等学科的基本原理，选择适当的方法和技术进行损失预防和控制。作为21世纪术语，“安全科学”泛指对事故、疾病、火灾、爆炸以及一切危及人们生命、财产和环境的事件的预防。7. Illness caused by exposing people to harmful biological, physical and chemical agents produce great losses each year and

7、 accurate estimates of their impact are hard to make.暴露于有害生物、物理的或化学起因物所造成的疾病，其产生的损失则更是惊人，其负面影响已无法精确估算。8. Ergonomics helps people understand the performance limits of humans and helps them design tasks, machines, work stations and facilities which improve performance and safety.人机工程学有助于人们理解人类自身的局限性，从

8、而致力设计能够有效提高安全性和绩效的作业任务、设备、设施、以及工作站。9. From the careful design and operation of nuclear power generating stations to the elimination of lead-based paints in homes, the efforts to reduce threats to public safety go on nonstop.从核电站的精心设计到家居无铅材料，人们致力于降低对公众威胁的努力从未停止。10. The application of safety science p

9、rinciples occurs in many places: in the workplace, in all modes of transportation, in laboratories, schools, and hospitals, at construction sites, on oil drilling rigs at sea, in underground mines, in the busiest cities, in the space program, on farms, and anywhere else where people may be exposed t

10、o hazards.安全科学原理在人们可能暴露危险的工作场所、交通场所、实验室、学校、医院、建筑工地、海上石油钻井、地下开采、都市、太空探索、农场等得到了广泛的应用。11. To be called professionals, they must acquire the essential knowledge of safety science through education and experience so that others can rely on their judgments and recommendations.之所以称为专业人士，是因为他们必须通过教育和经验掌握基本的

11、安全科学知识以使其他人可以信赖他们的判断和建议。12. Regardless of the industry, safety professionals help to achieve safety in the workplace by identifying and analyzing hazards which potentially create injury and illness problems, developing and applying hazard controls, communicating safety and health information, measur

12、ing the effectiveness of controls, and performing follow-up evaluations to measure continuing improvement in progress.在各行各业，安全专业人员通过识别和分析可能导致伤害和疾病的危险、提出并实施危险控制方案、交流安全健康信息、测量控制方案实施有效性、评估持续改进项目等一系列工作以保障工作场所的安全。13. Emergency Response: organizing, training and coordinating skilled employees with regard

13、to auditory and visual communications pertaining to emergencies such as fires, accidents or other disasters.应急响应：组织、培训和协调受训员工应对火灾、事故或其他灾害等突发事件的听觉和视觉交流。14. Management Safety Programs: planning, organizing, budgeting, and tracking completion and effectiveness of activities intended to achieve safety o

14、bjectives in an organization or to implement administrative or technical controls that will eliminate or reduce hazards.安全管理方案：规划、组织、预算、跟踪项目的完成情况与有效性，以实现组织的安全目标或通过管理或技术手段消除或减少危险。15. The satisfaction of knowing that people have been protected because harmful accidents and other incidents have been pr

15、evented is just one of the many rewards associated with “what safety professionals do”.当认识到人们因为已经预防了事故或事件而使他们得到保护时，这种满足是所谓的“安全专业人士”得到的诸多奖励之一。Unit21. Safety and health professionals who work in industrial settings concentrate primarily on ensuring compliance with, at the very least, the minimum safet

16、y and health standard promulgated under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as enforced by Occupational Safety and Health Administration（OSHA）.在工业生产中，安全和健康专业人士主要工作集中于在确保生产至少符合基于1970职业安全与健康法案发布的各项安全与健康标准，这些标准由职业安全及健康管理局强制执行。2. Although numerous areas are addressed and a minimum level of w

17、orker protection is ensured by implementation of these many standards, it is important to note that the major driving factor for worker safety is contained not in the Code of Federal Regulations but in Section 5 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act itself.虽然众多的领域都强调并且通过执行这些标准以确保保护工人最低的安全水平，但值得注

18、意的是：真正推动工人安全的主要驱动因素在于职业安全与健康法案的第五部分而不是在于联邦法规条例中所包含的内容。3. This factor, better known as the General Duty Clause, Section 5（a） （1）, simply states that: Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or ar

19、e likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees, and shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this act.这一因素，即职业安全与健康法案第5（a） （1）部分一般责任条款，简明地阐述如下：每个雇主必须为其雇员提供安全健康的就业和工作环境，使他们免于那些导致或可能造成员工死亡或严重身体伤害的可辨识的危险，并必须遵守基于本法案颁布的职业安全和健康标准。4. In fact, the Gener

20、al Duty Clause has been the precursor for many of the regulations that have followed since 1970 and continues to ensure worker safety in the absence of a specific standard for a specific occupational situation.事实上，一般责任条款已经被1970年以来许多法规采纳而成为母法，它同样在因缺少特定标准的特定职业情况下确保工人的安全。5. Less clear, but equally impo

21、rtant to worker safety, is that the methods and techniques associated with the system safety effort are an excellent means of assuring that the intent of the General Duty Clause is met at the earliest possible time in the project or program development process.对于工人安全同样重要，但表达不太清楚的地方在于有关系统安全的方法和技术是项目早

22、期阶段或研发过程方案中确保符合一般责任条款的极好的手段。6. However, as noted earlier, most standard and regulations reflect minimum requirements for safe operations and do not place any additional responsibilities on employers to be safer than what is required by these standards.然而，如前所述，大多数标准和法规反映了安全操作的最低要求，他们并没有提出比这些标准的要求更能确保

23、安全的有关雇主责任的内容。7. It is well known within the occupational safety arena that, in order to ensure continued safety in a given situation, it is often necessary to exceed the minimum requirements established by law.在职业安全领域，众所周知的是：为了确保在给定的条件下持续保持安全的状况，超过法律规定的最低要求通常是必要的。8. Even though a majority of industr

24、ial accidents or incidents have historically been attributed to the unsafe acts or the unsafe conduct of workers, the importance of unsafe physical conditions and equipment can should not be minimized in any discussion concerning accident risk potential.虽然大多数工业事故或事件在历史上被归因于工人的不安全行为或不安全地执行，但是不应该在所关于事

25、故潜在风险的讨论中将物的不安全状态最小化。9. Injuries and/or property damage caused by mechanical hazards generally have a high potential severity, since they often result in a permanent total disability （e.g., loss of motion or use of a body member, amputations, loss of sight, damages to hearing） and/or loss to essenti

26、al equipment or facilities.机械性危险造成的伤害和/或财产损失一般具有较高的潜在严重性，因为他们往往会导致永久性的部分或全部失能（例如，丧失运动或身体某部位失能，截肢，失明，听力损害）和/或基础设备或设施的巨大破坏或损坏。10. Furthermore, many of the so-called unsafe acts that cause such injuries or damage may not result in an accident if the potential for risk is properly assessed well in advan

27、ced and safer physical conditions are implemented to control the hazards associated with the level of ascertained risk.此外，如果能够事先对潜在风险进行恰当的评价，并且控制与该风险水平相关的危险以提供一个较为安全的物理条件，那么，所谓的导致伤害的或损害的不安全行动就不会导致事故。11. Therefore ,accurate evaluation of applicable occupational and environmental standards and regulat

28、ions, as well as an analysis of specific worker tasks, are absolutely essential in determining appropriate levels of protection.因此，如果能够事先对潜在风险进行恰当的评价，并且控制与风险水平相关的危险以提供一个较为安全的物理条件，那么，所谓的导致伤害或损害的不安全行动就不会导致事故。12. Since the goals and objectives of both the industrial safety and system safety disciplines

29、 tend to serve each others best interests, it would not be prudent management practice to ignore the integration of the system safety program with the industrial safety effort.因为行为安全和系统安全两者的目标都旨在为对方提供最大利益，所以忽视系统安全方案和工业安全方面的整合都是不严谨的管理做法。13. Therefore, in order to fully comprehend the relationship bet

30、ween system safety and industrial safety, one must also understand how system safety can be successfully utilized in the analysis of the human factors element of task performance.因此，为了充分理解系统安全和行业安全的关系，还必须了解系统的安全是如何成功的运用于任务绩效中的人因分析14. If this basic concept of human-system interface is not properly considered in the design phase, then all the safety incentives and motivational programs that money can buy will not encourage an individual to operate poorly designed equipment at