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1、 III. Buddhism: Chinese Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism.1. Religion and Philosophy China has an approximately 4100-year recorded history. （ From the endless primeval period, around 2,100 B.C.） Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the three great thoughts. Most social values are derived from Confucian

2、ism, Taoism and Buddhism. 1. What can govern human beings manners and behavor? Morals, law, virtues （Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 无规矩不成方圆） 2. what kind of people will be remembered from generations to generations? Emperor? ruler? top ten.ppt 3. background of the Spring and

3、 Autumn Peroid. （The moral degeneration of society is getting worse. 礼崩乐坏） 礼崩乐坏.ppt 1. Who was Confucius? 2. What is Confucianism? 3. the main principles of Confucianism. 4. the contributitions of Confucius. A Great educator& Thinker Confucius & ConfucianismConfucius （Chinese: 孔子; pinyin: Kng z）1. T

4、hinker2. Educator3. Statesman4. Philosopher5. Founder of the Confucian school and Confucianism 6. Symbol of traditional Chinese cultureEducation He established first private school in China and accepted the students from everywhere. Subjects: Manners, Music, Literature, Riding, Archery and Mathemati

5、cs （礼，乐，射，御，书，数） He have 3000 students. Among them, 72 became famous scholars.Confucius Quotes To study but not think, you will be confused. Just to think but not study, you will be lazy.（学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆） You a disciple, have you make sense of my teaching? Remember what you have leant, ask your confus

6、ion, you will be sensible.（由、誨女知之乎、知之為知之、不知為不知、是知也。） Reviewing what you have learned and learning new ones, you can be my teacher.（溫故而知新，可以為師矣。PhilosophyConfucius Is a Great Thinker. -“What one does not wish for oneself, one ought not to do to anyone else; what one recognizes as desirable for onesel

7、f, one ought to be willing to grant to others. （Confucius and Confucianism, Richard Wilhelm） GOLDEN RULEConfucius is a socialist Humanity Relationship between two persons” extension of filial piety to all human beings each role in the hierarchy of social relations had clearly defined duties reciproc

8、ity or mutual responsibility （benevolence & humanity Influence in 17th Century Europe三孔 1.Confucius Temple（孔庙） 2.Confucius Mansion（孔府）3.Confucius Forest（孔林）幻灯片13Confucius Full name Confucius 孔子 Born: 28 September 551 BC Qufu, Lu Died: 479 BC （aged 71 or 72） Qufu, Lu A portrait of Confucius by the Ta

9、ng Dynasty artist Wu Daozi （680740）.Who was Confucius? Confucius （551BC-479BC） was Chinas most famous philosopher whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese thought and life . Confucius was a government official, and during his lifetime he saw grow

10、ing disorder and chaos in the system and set himself to develop a new moral code based on respect, honesty, education, kindness and strong family bonds. One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius （circa 551-479 BC）. He sometimes went by the names Kong Zi th

11、ough he was born - Kong Qiu - styled Zhong Ni. He was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu. This chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. Philosophy is a kind of a system of ideas and thought

12、s that talk about the humans behavior, the rules that you should follow to make a successful life, and about the government. One of the greatest philosopher in China. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000

13、years. 孟子Mencius thought一、民本思想 A people-oriented thoughtsThe people are the most highly valued, next come the gods of the land and grain, the sovereign is light. 民为贵,社稷次之,君为轻。二、仁政学说 the benevolent doctrine.Confucius theory of moral ideas.Mencius political theory: the contents of the benevolent.Its e

14、ssence is service to the feudal ruling class.三、性善论 the innate goodness of the individual 在中国人性论史上，第一个提出性善论的是孟子。在他的思想体系中是一个中心环节：“恻隐之心，人皆有之；羞恶之心，人皆有之；恭敬之心，人皆有之；是非之心，人皆有之。恻隐之心，仁也；羞恶之心，义也；恭敬之心，礼也；是非之心，智也。1. Thus, when Heaven is about to confer a great office on any man, it first exercises his mind with

15、suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil. It exposes his body to hunger, and subjects him to extreme poverty. It confounds his undertakings. By all these methods it stimulates his minds, hardens his nature, and supplies his incompentencies.天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，增益其所不能。 孟

16、子（孟子告子下） 2.You cant have your cake and eat it too.鱼我所欲也，熊掌亦我所欲也，二者不可兼得，舍鱼而求熊掌者也。或译为：You cant sell the cow and drink the milk. 3. Life springs from sorrow and calamity, and death from ease and pleasure.生于忧患，死于安乐4. Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards 无规矩不成方圆。5. The benevolent have n

17、o enemy. 仁者无敌。6. Every person can be sage.人皆可为尧舜。7. Expend the respect of the aged in ones family to that of other families; expend the love of the young ones in ones family to that of other families.老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。8. Opportunities vouchsafed by heaven are less important than terrestrial advantag

18、es, which in turn are less important than the unity among people.天时不如地利，地利不如人和What is Confucianism?Ren 仁 （benevolence, love） & Li 礼 （rites）-respect for the system of social hierarchy. The basic clou of Confucianism stresses the importance of the individual moral development, so that the state can be

19、 governed by moral virtue rather than by the laws. Golden mean （philosophy）: the felicitous middle between the extremes of excess and deficiency “ Rid the two ends, take the middle one.” Relationships are central to Confucianism. Particular duties arise from ones special situation in relation to oth

20、ers.Teachings of Confucianism Confucianism: a school of thought represented by Confucius and Mencius. a set of moral and social values designed to bring ways of man and government in harmony with each other and with the universe. Confucianism was originally the philosophy of Confucius who stressed t

21、he maintenance of a stable system of inter-personal relationships at different levels of society. His Golden Rule is:What you do not want done to yourself, do not do unto others. The order of development which Confucius set forth is as follows:Self-development, Family-discipline, Local self-governme

22、nt, and Universal self-government.修身 齐家 治国 平天下The main aspects of Confucianism: 三纲、五伦、五常Three Cardinal Guides 三纲 ruler guides subject君为臣纲 father guides son父为子纲 husband guides wife夫为妻纲Five Relationships 五伦 Ruler-minister: benevolence-loyalty 忠 Father-son: kindness-filial piety 孝 Husband-wife: righteo

23、usness-obedience忍 Elder-younger brother: gentility-humility 悌 Friend-friend: consideration-deference 善The basic Confucian doctrines are embodied in the following Five Virtues （五常或五德）：仁：Benevolence, to be humanity, mercy and kindness;义：Justness, to be righteousness ;礼：Rituals, custom and law, to be p

24、olite;智：Wisdom, to be knowledgeable and well educated;信：Trust, to be sincere and credible.The Five Virtues of Confucius （五常或五德） ren （仁）: benevolence to others -the root yi （义）: righteousness by justice -the trunk li （礼）: moral ways of conduct- the branches zhi （智）: wisdom -the flower xin （信）: trustw

25、orthiness-the fruitRen （仁） affection and love 1.The central doctrine of Confucianism. 2.The most important moral quality one can possess.Li （礼） Li has two meanings: 1.Propriety（互惠）: a set of manners or knowledge of how to behave in a given situation. 2.Ritual: when life is detailed to Confucius lengths it becomes completely ordered.yi（righteousness） 讲义气 不仁不义Junzi （君子） a superior man a gentleman a man of great moral quality a good model for the p