英语初高中衔接专题汇总文档格式.docx

1、例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos。（6）以 f或 fe结尾的词，多数变 f为 v再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves,halfhalves。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法 情 况 读法 例 词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups,hats,cakes 在sztd3F等音后 iz glasses,pages,o

2、ranges,buses,watches,faces 在bdgv等浊辅音后 z beds,dogs,cities,knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfeet，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。an Englishman，two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man,woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，

3、women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当 fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,police等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl,a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词

4、：physics,mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls 专有名词：the United States,Niagara Falls 其他名词：news,falls 2不可数名词“量”的表示方法 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much,a little,a lot of/lots of,some,any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？I dont like

5、winter because theres too much snow and ice （2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk）a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasse

6、s of water 不可数名词也可用 a lot of,lots of,some,any,much 等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s，例如：a students room,students rooms,fathers shoes。2.如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats lengt

7、h，two pounds weight,ten dollars worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country,the color of the flowers。5.双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表

8、示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即 Tom 与 Mary是兄妹）。【演练】1-Where have you been,Tim?-Ive been to _.A.the Henry house B.the Henry family C.The Henrys home D.Henrys 2In England,if _ is in the middle of the day,the evening meal is called supper.A.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinne

9、r 3You looked for it twice,but you havent found it.Why not try _.A.three times B.a third time C.the third time D.once 4-They are thirsty.Will you please give them _?-Certainly.A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of water C.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters 5Mike hurt one of his _ in t

10、he accident yesterday.A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear 6There is some _ on the plate.A.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears 7In England,the last name is the _.A.family name B.middle C.given name D.full name 8They are going to fly _ to Beijing.A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans 9The_ has two _.A.boys;watche

11、s B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch 10The little baby has two _ already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 11Whats your _ for being late again?A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news 12-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.-But I think we should let _ go out first.A.woman and children B.women and c

12、hild C.woman and child D.women and children 13-You can see Mr.Smith if there is a sign“_”on the door of his shop.-Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14Are they going to have a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children Day 15Where are the stud

13、ents?Are they in _?A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.the 406 Room D.406 Room【练习答案】1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】1.形容词的用法 （1）形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。Our country is a beautiful country.（作定语）The fish went bad.（作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy.（

14、作宾语补足语）（2）形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything 等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film.（3）用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。Everybody,man and woman,old and young,should attend the meeting.You can take any box away,big

15、or small.（4）the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.2.副词的用法（1）副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。He studies very hard.（作状语）Life here is full of joy.（作定语）When will you be back?（作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1）时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,al

16、ways 等。He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2）地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out 等。I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upst

17、airs.Put down your name here.3）方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide 等。The old man walked home

18、 slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4）程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much,（a）little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite

19、 well.I can hardly agree with you.5）疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how,when,where,why等。How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?（2）副词在句中的位置 1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2）频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和 b

20、e动词之后。He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面,但 enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。On my way home,I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their o

21、wn research work.（3）部分常用副词的用法 1）very,much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。She is a very nice girl Im feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而 very则不能。I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2）too,either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但 too 用于肯定句，either用于否定句。She can dance,and I can dance,t

22、oo.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3）already,yet already一般用于语肯定句，yet 一般用于否定句。He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4）so,neither so和 neither都可用于倒装句，但 so 表示肯定，neither表示否定。My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither

23、 do I.3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级（1）两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。Our teacher is taller than we are.The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.（2）most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常,十分。Its most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。（3）“The+形容词比较级.,the+形容词比较级.”表示“越.就越.”。The more you study,the more you know

24、.（4）“形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级”,表示“越来越.”。Its getting hotter and hotter.（5）主语+谓语（系动词）+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。This box is as big as mine.（6）the+形容词，表示某种人。He always helps the poor.（7）形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.【演练】1There are many young trees on sides of the road.

25、A.every B.each C.both D.all 2-Its so cold today.-Yes,its than it was yesterday.A.more cold B.more colder C.much colder D.cold 3Little Tom has friends,so he often plays alone.A.more B.a little C.many D.few 4She isnt so at maths as you are.A.well B.good C.better D.best 5Peter writes of the three.A.bet

26、ter B.best C.good D.well 6He is enough to carry the heavy box.A.stronger B.much stronger C.strong D.the strongest 7I bought exercise-books with money.A.a few;a few B.a few;a little C.a little;a few D.a little;a little 8The box is heavy for the girl carry.A.too;to B.to;too C.so;that D.no;to 9The ice

27、in the lake is about one meter .Its strong enough to skate on.A.long B.high C.thick D.wide 10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A.so B.much C.very D.too 11.Jone looks so _ today because she has got an“A”in her maths test.A.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrily 12.The smile on my

28、 fathers face showed that he was _ with me.A.sad B.pleased C.angry D.sorry 13.-Mum,could you buy me a dress like this?-Certainly,we can buy _ one than this,but _ this.A.a better;better than B.a worse;as good as C.a cheaper;as good as D.a more important;good as 14.-This digital camera is really cheap

29、!-The _ the better.Im short of money,you see.A.cheap B.cheaper C.expensive D.more expensive 15.If you want to learn English well,you must use it as _ as possible.A.often B.long C.hard D.soon 16.Paul has _ friends except me,and sometimes he feels lonely.A.many B.some C.few D.more 17.English people _

30、use Mr.Before a mans first name.A.never B.usually C.often D.sometimes 18.-One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.-Right.The government spoke _ that.A.highly for B.high of C.well of D.highly of 19.-Remember this,children._ careful you are,_ mistakes you will make.-We know,Miss Gao.

31、A.The more;the more B.The fewer;the more C.The more;the fewer D.The less;the less 20.I have _ to do today.A.anything important B.something important C.important nothing D.important something【练习答案】1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B 专题三：动词考点集汇，讲解和训练 1.动词的时态 英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有 8 种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。（1）一般现在时的基本用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every,sometimes,at,on Sunday I leave home for