英语考研真题和详细解析Word下载.docx

1、英语考研真题和详细解析英语考研真题和详细解析 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 Section I Use of English Directions:#Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial

2、 experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers productivity.Instead,the studies ended giving their name to the Hawthorne effect,the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon c

3、hanged subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not what was done in the experiment;#something was changed,productivity rose.A（n

4、）that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers behavior itself.After several decades,the same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record,no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to c

5、hanges in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretation of what happed.,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,a co

6、mparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged Hawthorne effect is hard to pin down.1.A affected B

7、 achieved C extracted D restored 2.A at B up C with D off 3.A truth B sight C act D proof 4.A controversial B perplexing C mischievous D ambiguous 5.A requirements B explanations C accounts D assessments 6.A conclude B matter C indicate D work 7.A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long a

8、s 8.A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion 9.A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant 10.A about B for C on D by 11.A compared B shown C subjected D conveyed 12.A contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D peculiar to 13.A evidence B guidance C implication D source 14.A disputable B

9、 enlightening C reliable D misleading 15.A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual 16.A duly B accidentally C unpredictably D suddenly 17.A failed B ceased C started D continued 18.A Therefore B Furthermore C However D Meanwhile 19.A attempted B tended C chose Dintended 20.A breaking B

10、 climbing C surpassing D hitting Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:#Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers

11、 during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be f

12、ound in most big-city newspapers.Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publicati

13、on in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications i

14、n which it appeared.In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.Theirs was a serious business,and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly,like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman,coul

15、d be trusted to know what they were about.These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define journalism as a term

16、of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately,these critics are virtually forgotten.Neville Cardus,who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket.During his li

17、fetime,though,he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics,a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography（1947）became a best-seller.He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored.Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is

18、unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival?#The prospect seems remote.Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death,and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.Moreover,the amateur

19、 tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21.It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that A arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers do

20、ubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22.Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by A free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23.Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?#A It is writers duty to fulfill journalis

21、tic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24.What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?#A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His

22、reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25.What would be the best title for the text?#A Newspapers of the Good Old Days B The Lost Horizon in Newspapers C Mournful Decline of Journalism

23、 D Prominent Critics in Memory Text 2 Over the past decade,thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.A received one for its one-click online payment system.Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One inventor patented a technique for lift

24、ing a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents,which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago.In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S.court of Appeals for the federal circuit said i

25、t would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.In re Bilski,as the case is known,is a very big deal,says Dennis D.Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law.It has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.Curbs on business-method claims would

26、be a dramatic about-face,because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case,approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially by eme

27、rging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions.Later,move established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it ha

28、d been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them.Similarly,some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products,even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case

29、involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges,rather than a typical panel of three,and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should reconsider its

30、 state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.Last April,for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for inventions that are obvi

31、ous.The judges on the Federal circuit are reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,says Harold C.Wegner,a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26.Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of A their limited value to business B the

32、ir connection with asset allocation C the possible restriction on their granting D the controversy over authorization 27.Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?#A Its ruling complies with the court decisions B It involves a very big business transaction C It has been dismissed by the Fede

33、ral Circuit D It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28.The word about-face（Line 1,Para 3）most probably means A loss of good will B increase of hostility C change of attitude D enhancement of dignity 29.We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents A are immune to legal challenges B are often unnecessarily issued C lower the esteem for patent holders D increase the incidence of