高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧及专项训练.docx

1、高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧及专项训练高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧及专项训练阅读理解推理判断题要求在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。一、细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题，它要求考生根据语篇中

2、具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断。对于细节推断题来说，根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键。考生不但要理解文章的字面含义，还要运用逻辑判断能力，推断出文章更深层的含义。同时还要根据文章内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场上，设身处地地考虑实际情景，并据此展开合理的想象和推理。主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题。二、作者态度或观点的推断类型题目考查

3、考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等；褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽有趣的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。三、写作意图推

4、断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握；阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。四、推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象类题目要求考生本身要具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。比如考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳

5、答案。推断文章出处类题目应从文章的内容或结构入手。从文章的内容上来看，主要有说明文(主要涉及广告和旅游指南等)、议论文(主要涉及影评、书评、新闻评论、正反对比议论文等)。从文章的结构上来看,新闻报道类文章一般在第一段概括全文内容，后面陈述细节，前面都会出现日期、地点或通讯社等名称。广告的格式特殊，语言简练。产品说明会出现产品名称或操作方式等。网站文章通常会出现click，online, web，website，video 等字眼，有时还会提供网址等。旅游指南类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。推理判断（infer）题必须把握住的一个原则是：正确选项必须是由文中事

6、实推断出的另一个正确的事实，必须是not directly stated in the passage.专项训练题：A(2015重庆一中一诊)Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict that within the next eighty years，current world climate zones could sh

7、ift and some could completely disappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animals to migrate(迁徙) north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intens

8、e.If the changes come too quickly，animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of todays familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in todays world.It is urgent that we reduce

9、the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showing signs of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hit in 2009 with a

10、 major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesnt matter what is causing it

11、，but rather，what can be done about it.Whats more，our world is getting more and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists beli

12、eve there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.1What is the major function of Paragraph 1?ATo arouse the readers concern.BTo introduce the theme of the whole passage.CTo summarize the whole passage.DTo state how clim

13、ate changes.2What is the authors purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?ATo show major changes are taking place on the planet.BTo remind people to prevent future earthquakes.CTo show the damage earthquakes caused.DTo tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.3Which of the following is

14、 NOT true of climate changes effects?AAnimal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.BIt could lead to the spread of diseases.CCurrent world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.DNatural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.4What can be in

15、ferred from the passage?AAnimals and plants wont die out as long as climate changes slowly.BTheres enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.CThe world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.DThe earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.B(2015扬州

16、、南通、连云港市第二次调研考试)Consumers everywhere are faced with the same dilemma：given limited resources，what sorts of purchases are most likely to produce lasting happiness and satisfaction? Recent research has confirmed that experiential purchases tend to produce greater hedonic (享乐的)gains than material purch

17、ases.The reason why experiences improve with time may be because it is possible to think about experiences in a more abstract manner than possessions.For example，if you think back to a fantastic summer from your youth，you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshine and youthful exuberan

18、ce(生气勃勃)，but youre less likely to remember exactly what you did daybyday.Material possessions are harder to think about in an abstract sense.The car you bought is still a car，that great new jacket you picked up cheap is still just a jacket.Its more likely the experience of that summer has taken on a

19、 symbolic meaning that can live longer in your memory than a possession.Purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless” material possessions，resulting in comfort but not pleasure.In general，people adapt to experiences more slowly than to material purchase.Thi

20、s can be seen in both negative and positive purchases：hedonic adaptation would result in a positive experience causing more happiness but a negative experience causing less happiness than the comparable material purchase with the same initial happiness level.Experience，however，seems to be more resis

21、tant to these sorts of unfavourable comparisons. It is because of the unique nature of experience. Its more difficult to make an unfavourable comparison when there is nothing directly comparable.After all，each of our youthful summers is different.Its well established that social comparisons can have

22、 a huge effect on how we view what might seem like positive events.One striking example is the finding that people prefer to earn $50，000 a year while everyone else earns $25，000，instead of earning $100，000 themselves and having other people earn $200，000.A similar effect is seen for possessions.Whe

23、n there are so many flatscreen HD TVs to choose from，its easy to make unfavourable comparisons between our choice and the others available.5An abstract sense in the passage refers to awareness of something _Ayou cannot think aboutByou cant remember wellCyou cannot understandDyou cannot see or touch6

24、If you make an experiential purchase before a material purchase，you may go to_Aa theatre before going to a storeBan exhibition before going to a parkCa mall before going to a grocersDa market before going to a restaurant7The example of earnings is given to actually indicate_Ahow ridiculous people ar

25、eBhow people feel contentChow nearsighted people areDhow people hold prejudice8It is implied in the passage that，after their material purchases，people might_Aenjoy their ownership of what they have boughtBpick every fault in the products they have gotCregret making a wrong decision to buy the itemsD

26、leave what theyve purchased untouched at homeC(2015扬州、南通、连云港市第二次调研考试)Dear Textual Healing，I would be very interested in your recommendations for any books to help me through a difficult time of my life.At 57，I am feeling a bit lost.I have a wonderful，loving husband and bright，caring teenage daughter

27、 but I am lonely and have lost my spark for life.I have always taken care of everyone and managed a career，but，after the death of my father this summer，my difficulties as a child in a terribly abnormal family have come back to me regularly.I have become unfocused and often alone while my husband is

28、away frequently on business and my daughter busy with school and friends.I am seeking the help of a therapist and taking care of myself but I would love to read something to help me “get my groove (理想状况)back” and reengage with life.PCDear PC，From the letter youve given us about your life，its no wond

29、er youre feeling a little lost.But before prescribing titles to help you get your groove back，Id recommend taking a journey into Rebecca Solnits nonfiction book，A Field Guide to Getting Lost，which is packed with the wisdom of everyone from Pat Barker to Thoreau and Keats.The word lost is rooted in t

30、he Old Norse “los”，meaning the disbanding of an army.“This origin suggests soldiers falling out of formation to go home，ceasing fighting with the wide world.I worry now that many people never disband their armies，never go beyond what they know，” Solnit writes.So instead of fearing that lost feeling，

31、try seeing its potential for discovery.Explorers，remember，are always lost simply because theyre forever someplace new.“Leave the door open for the unknown，the door into the dark，” Solnit advises.“Thats where the most important things come from，where you yourself came from，and where you will go.”For

32、something that asks a little less of the reader while still giving plenty in return，try a dose(一剂) of Anne Tyler，the beloved creator of numerous heroes whose serious conditions will move anyone who finds themselves in a midlife difficult situation.One such character is 53yearold Rebecca Davitch，the heroine of Back When We Were Grownups.Like