句子结构及介词Word文件下载.docx

1、Youre driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。3.表

2、语表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。All y

3、ou need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。4.宾语宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗

4、?He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。5.定语定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语） 或句子充当。His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。Mr. Green has two so

5、ns. 格林先生有两个儿子。The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。A man going to di

6、e is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。6.状语英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。（1） 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到

7、到达尽头为止。（2） 地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。（3） 程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。（4） 目的状语Well go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。Sh

8、e got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。（5） 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。（6） 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。（7）

9、条件状语If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others. 假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。（8） 比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。Mike is not as （so） tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高。（9） 原因状语We didnt go to the park because of the ba

10、d weather. 由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。Im glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。 （10） 结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，（结果） 因此赶上了火车。（11） 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。The tea

11、cher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。7.宾语补足语宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。Im finished. Lets go now. 我已干完，咱们走吧。You must keep it clean. 你要

12、把它保持干净。I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。Why dont you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发? He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有

13、 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词（如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等），使役动词（如 let, have, make 等），动词不定式不带 to。介词早、午、晚要用 in，at 黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。将来时态 in . 以后，小处 at 大处 in。有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in。特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用 in。介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击、位置

14、、恶、善分。早、午、晚要用 in例：in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天at 黎明、午、夜、点与分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜以上短语都不用冠词at six oclock 在6点钟at 7：30 （seven thirty） 在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半at nine fifteen 在9点15 分at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可

15、以写成 seven to five 5点差7分（半小时以上）at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周 即在“某年”，在“某月”，在“某年某月” （但在某年某月某日则用 on），在四季，在第几周等都要用 in。in 1986 在1986 年in 1927 在1927 年in April 在四月in March 在三月in December, 1986 1986年12月in July, l983 1983年7月in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semeste

16、r 这学期的第一周in the third week 在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in，即在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用 in。Dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the stat

17、ion. 他冒雨到车站去接我。The poor dressed （clothed） in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛。以及：in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人the woman in white （black, red, yellow） 穿着白（黑、红、黄）色衣服的妇女in uniform 穿着制服in mourning 穿着丧服in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫将来时态 in 以后 They will come back

18、 in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。Ill come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。Well be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。Come and see me in two days time. 两天后来看我。（从现在开始）After （从过去开始）小处 at 大处 inLi and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well. Dont worry.李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。I live in a great city （big city）,

19、my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。m in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 inThe workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。（有形）The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。“Taking Tiger Mounta

20、in by Strategy”is a good opera. 是出好戏。（无形）The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。（表示方式、手段、方法无形）I really cant express my idea in English freely in-deed我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。（表示某种语言用 in）I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。（同上）The kilometer is the biggest un

21、it of length in the metric system公里是米制中最长的长度单位。（表示度、量、衡单位的用 in ）The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in特征或状态： The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。They found the patient in

22、a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。Her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in

23、fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。还有一些短语也用 in，如：in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地， in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都兴高采烈，没有

24、一个情绪低落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The campaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。方面：We accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。A good teac

25、her must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。方式：All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。如下成语惯用 inin all 总计in advance 事前in place 适当地in a word 总之in vain 无益地, 白白地in case 如果，万一，以

26、防in detail 详细地in conclusion 总之in spite of 尽管in other words 换句话说in return 作为回报in the name of 以名义be interested in 对感兴趣 “介词 at、to 表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分”介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意;用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句：1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来。B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。2.A.Jake ran at Jo

27、hn. 杰克向约翰扑过去。B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。3.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说。4.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。5.A. She talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。B.She talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.

28、6.A.She threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。B.She threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。7.A.He presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。B.He presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。介词练习 （一）、请填入适当的介词1. Mid-Autumn Day usually comes _ September or October.2. Thank you very much _ asking me to Marys birthday party _Sunday.3. The farmers are all busy getting ready _ the next year.4. A: Would you like Chinese tea _ sugar and milk, Chen Hui?B: Oh no! Id like Chinese tea _ nothing in it, please.5. Please draw a line _ A and B.6. _ the w