虚拟语气文档格式.docx

1、条件从句中不可用would; 在同一个句子中，不能一部分表示真实条件，另一部分表示非真实条件，不然就会破坏句子的一致性。II. 错综时间条件句在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。III. 无条件的虚拟语气句子A wise man wouldnt have done that.一个明智的人是不会做那样的事的。They wouldnt have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground.But for your help we

2、 couldnt have succeeded.Failing this, what would you do? （=If you failed this,） （分词短语）Seen from the hill, the wheat field would look like a golden sea.（分词短语）In doing so, he might forgive you.（介词+动名词）Give him an inch, he would want a foot.（上下文）They would have paid attention to a nice girl. （=If she h

3、ad been.）Such mistakes could have been avoided. （=If one had been more careful.）She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.（=or else）所谓的无“条件”，指的是句子表层没有通常使用的if或I wish等引起的表示条件句子，但其深层结构或是上下文中还是有条件的。这种条件可以用介词、形容词、动词、分词、不定式、定语从句或上下文等表示出来，只不过是为了行文的简洁，用跳层的方法把条件省掉罢了。表示

4、无“条件”的词有with, without, but, but for, or, otherwise, in case等。这种句子往往有主句而无从句。but for, but, but thata. But for her guidance, we should fail.But for her guidance, we should have failed.b. I would have gone with her but I was too busy.She would gain weight but she doesnt eat enough.a. would + 动词原形+ but （

5、except） + 现在时间陈述句（陈述语气）表示同现在事实相反的假设。b. would have+ 过去分词+ but （except） + 过去时陈述句（陈述语气）表示同过去事实相反的假设。 She would have come to see you but she was ill that day.She would have come to see you but that she was ill that day. 第一句中的but 是并列连词，引导的是并列句，but意为“但是”；第二句中的but是介词，意为“除去”，引导条件状语从句。But既可以表示虚拟条件，也可以表示真实条件，

6、但but that（要不是）只能表示虚拟条件。例如：It never rains but it pours.She would have bought the book but that she had no money then.But that it snowed heavily, they could have arrived there earlier. （=But for the heavy snow） But that I saw it, I couldnt have believed it. but that结构可以放在句首，并可换为but for +名词结构，而but则不可。I

7、V. 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 （I wish）I wish she were here.I wish you would go with us tomorrow.I wish she had taken my advice. 与现在事实相反，用were或动词的一般过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词或would / could + have +过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望, 用would （could, might） + 动词原形。Cf: I hope I dont make mistakes every day.V. if only 后用虚拟语气 （if

8、only = I wish） 另见I wish 中的句子。 谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是就好了”。If only I could speak several foreign languages!If only money grew on the trees! I wish I / we would kill him!VI. 在decide, demand, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, suggest，argue, ask, advocate, instruct等表示命令、

9、决定、建议的意念动词、祈使动词或态度动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。 When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实时，要用陈述语气。advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative（必要的、紧急的、迫切的），important, impossible, necess

10、ary, obligatory, proper等形容词可以构成It is +adj. +that句型，其后的句子要用虚拟语气，为（should） be型。 It is amazing that he should have learnt so much in such a short time. It is incredible that Jane should have finished her paper so soon. It is a shame that he should have done such a thing.It is amazing （odd, strange, sur

11、prising, wrong, astonishing, a pity, a shame）, I am surprised （sorry）和I regret等结构后的that从句中要用should,不可省，意为“竟然”，表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感。 有时候，可以将表示情感等的句子前一部分省略，只保留that以后的部分，成为虚拟式的感叹句。如：That he should miss such a golden opportunity!That they should resort to violence!在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolut

12、ion, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, request等名词之后的 that-从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或should+动词原形。VII. It is （high / about） time that we went to bed. It is time that somebody taught you to behave yourself.It is （high, about） time 句型可用It is time for sb. to do sth.代替。 该结构中about或high是为了缓和或加强语气。 Its time I

13、 was in bed.单数用was。VIII.I reminded her twice of it lest she （should） forget.I will not make a noise for fear （that） I should / might disturb you.在以lest引导的从句中，谓语动词用should +动词原形。在以for fear that引导的从句中，谓语动词用should （could,may,might）+动词原形IX. Suppose （Supposing） you were laughed at by those shallow people.

14、Suppose he had not had taken those measures, what would have happened?Imagine that we were on a desolate island now.Suppose he is absent,what shall we do?imagine, suppose, supposing+that分句，分句既可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。X.He would rather （sooner） die than surrender.Hed rather not go dancing tonight.Id rather not

15、 have told her the news. She is such a gossip.Id rather you paid the money yourself.I would sooner she painted the wall green next time.Id rather she hadnt done that.Id prefer （that） you （should） pay the money yourself.XI.If it were not for the rain, the crops should （would） become withered.If it ha

16、d not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.If it were not for如果没有，表示通现在事实相反的假设，主句用should型虚拟语气。 If it had not been for如果当时没有，表示与过去事实相反的假设。XII.The game will be postponed in case it snows. The game will be postponed in case it should snow. in case引导的句子既可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。前者比后者可能性要大。XIII.

17、She looks as though she were sick.She talks about the World Expo as if she had visited one herself.as if （as though）后面的从句有时用虚拟语气，有时也可用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。He talks as if he knew all about it.It looks as if our side is going to win.1. whether it （he, they） beor结构Every day he takes a walk

18、 in the park in the evening, whether it be fine or raining. Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before the law. She can translate all these books into Chinese, be they in English, French, or Latin. whether it （he, they） beor意为“不管（不论）是还是”，表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表示方法，其省略结构为be itor, be heor等，必须倒装。 be用作虚拟式的其他说法还有：Home is home, be it ever so homely.再穷也是家。He will do anything for her, be it to his death.为了她，他什么都会做，哪怕去死。I shall tell you everything about it if need be.如果需要的话，我将把有关的一切都告诉你。