动词文档格式.docx

1、2、以s, sh, ch, o结尾的动词后加es。pass-passes wash-washes brush-brushes watch-watchescatch-catches teach-teaches touch-touches do-does go-goes3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y改为i再加es。fly-flies cry-cries4、以“f”或“fe”结尾的动词变f为v再加-es。leaf-leaves life-lives shelf-shelves wife-wives thief-thieves half-halves knife-knives 考点2：实义动词现在

2、分词形式的变化规则。1、一般情况下，直接在动词末尾加ing。look-looking play-playing sing-singing2、以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing。make-making leave-leaving come-coming3、 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加ing。run-running stop-stopping shop-shopping swim-swimming skip-skipping4、以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y再加ing。lie-lying die-dying考点3：实义动词过去式的变化规则。1、一般情况在动词末尾

3、加-ed。look-looked miss-missed play-played2、以e结尾的动词直接在词尾加d。arrive-arrived hate-hated3、 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。stop-stopped shop-shopped4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。study-studied carry-carried考点4：及物动词与不及物动词的用法。后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词。英语中的及物动词有：visit, see, give, tell, wash, watch, buy, hear

4、, thank, spend, keep等。I visited Beijing last year. 我去年参观了北京。How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久?The children bought a lot of flowers. 孩子们买了很多花。本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。英语中的不及物动词有：go, die, fall, run, fly, jump, speak, listen, happen等。典型句It happened in June 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。She spoke at the

5、meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会议上发了言。The plane is flying in the sky. 飞机正在空中飞。英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词，如close，begin，study，leave， work等。典型例句 1Shall I begin at once? 我可以立刻开始吗？（begin作不及物动词）She began working as a librarian after she left school. 她毕业后当图书馆管理员。（begin作及物动词）典型例句 2When did they leave Chica

6、go? 他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？（leave 作及物动词）They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。（leave 作不及物动词）典型例句 3The students study hard. 这些学生学习很努力。（study作不及物动词）The students study English and German这些学生学习英语和德语。（study作及物动词）典型例句 4He works in a supermarket. 他在一家超市工作。（work作不及物动词）He works the machine on Mondays. 他星期一操作这台机器。（work作及物动词）考

7、点三：系动词的用法状态类系动词：表示主语的一种状态或态度，主要有be动词。They are students. 他们是学生。He is ill. 他生病了。My father was reading an evening paper before dinner. 晚饭前父亲正在看一份晚报。持续类系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay等。He always kept silent at class. 他上课时总保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 这事仍然是个谜。The window stayed open all

8、 the night. 窗户开了一晚上。表像类系动词：表示主语“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look等。She appeared tired. 她显得很疲倦。He looks clever. 他看起来很聪明。She seems very happy. 她看起来很高兴。感官类系动词：主要有feel, smell, sound, taste等。This kind of paper feels very soft. 这种纸手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很

9、好吃。考点5：变化类系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。She become mad after that. 从那以后，她疯了。He grew rich within a short time. 他没多久就有钱了。The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。考点6：终止类系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out,表达“证实”，“变成”之意。The news proved false. 这新闻证实有假。Her plan turn

10、ed out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。考点四：情态动词的用法can和could的用法。表示能力，意为“能，会”。She can drive, but she cant ride a bike. 她会开车，但不会骑自行车。I hope to offer you some useful advice. 我希望给你一些有用的建议。He can give you some books. 他能给你一些书。表示请求或允许，意为“可以”。Can I use your telephone？我能用下你的电话吗？You can go now. 你现在可以走了。We can ask her for

11、 help. 我们可以向她寻求帮助。could是can的过去式，表示过去的能力。I could swim all the way across the lake，but I cant now. 我以前可以游过这片湖，但现在不能了。He could cook when he was young. 他年轻时会做饭。He could be saved, but he wasnt sent to hospital in time.他原本可以获救的，但他没有被及时送到医院。表示请求时，could的语气比can更加委婉，肯定回答用can，而不用could。- Could you lend your car

12、 to me? 你可以把你的车借给我吗？- Of course, I can. 当然，可以。may和might的用法。其否定回答用mustnt或cant，意为“不可以、不允许、禁止”，不可用may not。You may go home now. 你现在可以回家了。May I have a word with you，please？我能跟你讲话吗?May I have it ? 我能拥有它吗？-May I go now? 我现在可以走了吗？-No, you mustnt. 不，不可以。表示推测，意为“可能、也许”，用于肯定句中。He may be at home. 他可能在家里。They ma

13、y come tomorrow. 他们明天可能会来。might是may的过去式，表示推测时，可能性比may小。He might go to see the doctor. 他可能去看医生了。She might get angry with you. 她可能生你气了。must的用法。表示必须，否定式为mustnt，意为“禁止”。I must go now. 我现在必须走了。We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习。You mustnt play with fire. 你一定不能玩火。表示推测，意为“一定”，只用于肯定句中，否定句中用cant。The man over there

14、must be my father. 那边那个男的一定是我爸爸。The light is on. Someone must be at home. 灯亮着，家里一定有人。That girl on the playground cant be my sister, because she has gone abroad. 那个女孩一定不是我姐姐，因为她到国外去了。以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must，而否定回答则用neednt或dont have to，意为“不需要、不必”，而不能用mustnt。-Must I hand in the homework now? 我需要马上交作业吗？-No

15、, you neednt / dont have to. 不，你不需要。need的用法。need作情态动词用时，没有人称和数的变化，直接接动词原形，只用于否定句和疑问句中，构成否定句和疑问句时不用助动词。用need提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。You neednt do it. 你不需要做那件事。-Need I come here tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？-Yes, you must / No, you neednt （dont have to）. 是的，你必须来。/不，你不必。need作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，构成否定句

16、和疑问句时要用助动词do, does, did。The boy needs the parents love. 这个孩子需要父母的爱。The flowers in the park needed a lot of water. 花园里的花需要很多水。shall和should的用法。shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见。Shall I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗？Shall we have lunch at a restaurant? 让我们在餐馆吃午饭好吗？shall 用于第二、三人称时，表示警告、命令、允诺等。Everyone shall keep silent

17、during the meeting. 会议期间每个人都要保持安静。My father shall buy me a new bicycle on my birthday. 我爸爸会在我生日的时候给我买辆新的自行车。should 用来表示义务、责任，意为“应该”。We should obey the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。The children should listen to their parents. 孩子应该听父母的话。will和would的用法。will表示请求、询问或意愿。Will you help me with my English? 你可以帮我

18、学习英语吗？He will do anything for his family. 他愿意为自己的家庭做任何事。would用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。When I was young, I would do a lot of hard work. 当我年轻的时候，我愿意做很多艰苦的工作。Would you please tell me how to get to the zoo. 你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意来参加我的晚会吗？考点7：情态动词用法易混点。can和be able to表示能力时，can只用于一般现在时

19、和一般过去时，其他时态要用be able to。另外，表示成功做成某事时，用be able to。Tom couldnt ride the bike, but now he can. 汤姆以前不会骑自行车，但是现在会了。He will be able to came back in three days. 再过三天他就可以回来了。A big fire took place in the house, but all the people were able to escape from it. 房子起大火了，但是所有人都成功逃脱了。must和have to均表示“必须”，但must强调主观意愿

20、，have to强调客观需要。We must study hard at school. 在学校我们必须努力学习。The sun is setting and I have to go home. 太阳要落山了，我必须回家了。could, would, might等有时并不表示过去，而是表示委婉客气的语气。Could I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗？Would you mend the bike for me? 你可以帮我修下自行车吗？考点五：助动词的用法助动词be的用法。助动词be用来构成进行时态（be+现在分词）和被动语态（be+过去分词）。We are working

21、hard in the garden. 我们正在花园里努力工作。Look, some girls are singing in the classroom. 看，一些女孩正在教室里唱歌。The house was painted purple. 房子被漆成了紫色。助动词do, does, did的用法。助动词do, does, did用来构成疑问句和否定句。He doesnt like to have hamburgers. 他不喜欢吃汉堡包。Did you live in Shanghai? 你以前住在上海吗？助动词have, has, had的用法。助动词have, has, had用来构

22、成完成时态。Had you finished the work before he came back? 在他回来之前，你完成工作了吗?Have you had a ticket? 你买票了吗？He has learned English for 10 years. 他学英语10年了。助动词shall和will的用法。助动词shall和will用来构成将来时态（shall用于第一人称，will可用于所有人称）。I will call you this evening. 我今晚将打电话给你。What shall we do next week? 下周我们会做什么？He asks me when

23、we will leave. 他问我我们什么时候走。考点六：不定式的用法不定式作主语。不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在后面。典型例题 1_ English is not easy _us.A. Speak; for B. Speaking; to C. To speak; for D. To speak; to 答案：C典型例题 2It is very important _ us _ breakfast.A. for; having B. to; to have C. for; having D. for; to haveD典型题 3It is very kind

24、 _ you _us. helping B.for; to help C.of; helping D. of; to help不定式作宾语。一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词多表示打算或者希望，如would like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,except等。Would you like _the movie this evening?A. to see B. seeing C. see D. seesAHe wants _（travel） around the world.to travel典型例题 3We decide _（plan） for our

25、 summer holiday.to plan在动词find、think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。I find it easy_ English every day.A. reading B. to read C. read D. readsBHe finds it hard _（catch up with） his classmates.to catch up withI think _ important _ early.A. it; sleeping B. it; to sleep C. that; sleeping D. it; sleeps不定式

26、作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Tom asked him to turn off the radio. 汤姆要他关掉录音机。I want my father to buy a kite for me. 我想要我爸爸给我买个风筝。The teacher warned the students not cheat in the exam. 老师警告学生不要考试作弊。使役动词和感官类动词用不定式作宾补时，不定式要省略to。这样的动词有：make, let, see, watch, hear, notice等。My mother lets me cook the dinn

27、er. 妈妈让我烧饭。I often see the old man take a walk in the park. 我经常看到这个老人在公园里散步。Can you hear someone singing in the next room? 你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？不定式作表语。不定式作表语说明主语的特征和属性。My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。Her dream is to become a scientist. 她的梦想是成为一个科学家。Our goal is to win the game. 我们的目标是赢得比赛。不定式作定语。不定式作定

28、语时，应放在名词后面，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不定式不及动词，且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系时，要在不定式后面加上适当的介词。I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要做。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么好担心的。We are looking for a hotel to live in.我们正在找一个宾馆住下。不定式作状语。不定式作定语，表示目的，意为“为了”。I come here_ my grandparents.A. visiting B. to visit C. visited D. visits , he works hard.A. To live well B. Living