城市规划专业英语翻译文档格式.docx

1、one hundred years, todays city is a complex system which contains many elements that are related to over each other. And urban planning is not only required to concern with the build environment, but also relate 从起源到今more to economic, social and political conditions. 以现代城市规划，这是非常困难的给予定义，现代城市规划的出现，天，

2、现代城市规划更像是一个不断发展和变化的过程，它会继续发展和变化。本来，以解决工业革命所带来的问题，它是物理和与土地利用的重点技术。然后，随着经济，社会，政治和技术超过百年的发展，今天的城市是一个复杂的系统包含哪些是相互关联的许多内容。而城市规划不仅要关注 与构建环境，而且还涉及更多的经济，社会和政治条件。is Industrial Revolution human In history, point always viewed as a turning because it brought tremendous produce could was just like a myth becaus

3、e machine it changes to the world. At the beginning, factories Following that, a large number of human manufactured goods more quickly than the hand. called is factories. This process left and a large amount of people their agriculture land to the appeared industrialization. It brought with the rapi

4、d economic growth, the expansion of city and the immigration of problems, caused many growth scale population in city and without any planning population. Large 在the industrial cities became drab, polluted, unsafe and unhealthy. especially in the living condition 人类历史上，工业革命总是视为一个转折点，因为它带来的巨大变化给世界。一开

5、始，它简直就像一个神话，因为机器可以生产制成品的速度比人的手。随后，大量的工厂出现，大量的人离开了他们的农业土地给工厂。这个过程被称为产业化。它带来了经济的快速增长，城市扩张和人口移民。大规模的城市，没有任何规划人口增长造成了许多问题，特别是在生活条件 - 工业城市成为单调，污染，不安全和不健康的。With social reform movement, early modern urban planning was concentrated on dealing with the problems of housing, sanitation and infrastructure, and

6、the spread of cholera and other waterborne diseases. During that period, the idea of planning was to create a pleasant, self-contained environment providing for work, settlement, and leisure, through careful and expert design. A famous example is Howards Garden City; it planned a beautiful city, whi

7、ch was divided into many districts including the center of city, industrial areas, residential areas, schools and greenbelt to allow people to live together in “harmony，health and happiness”. The theory contributed a lot to the practice of early modern urban planning in European. In a nutshell, the

8、beginning of modern urban planning was more like blueprint approach; it was seen as essentially “a technical process of design urbanization, with the litical unrelated and drawing, in its operation to economic or poprocess”. Along 早期zoning was begun, and housing, subdivision, and public health codes

9、 were created. 随着社会改革运动，现代城市规划是集中在与住房，卫生和基础设施，以及霍乱和其它水源性疾病的传播问题的处理。在此期间，规划理念是创造一个愉快的，独立的环境，提供工作，定居，休闲和专家通过精心设计。著名的例子是霍华德的花园城市，计划一个美丽的城市，这是为包括城市中心，工业区，住宅区，学校和绿地，让人们生活在了一起很多地区分为“和谐，健康和幸福。”该理论贡献良多早期现代美国城市规划的做法。概 括地说，现代城市规划的蓝图开始是想更多的办法，它被看作是本质“的设计和绘图技术，在其运作过程 无关的经济或政治进程。”随着城市化，分区是开始，住房，细分和公共健康规范的创建。The

10、development of modern urban planning depends 现代城市规划的发展在很大largely on the development of social policy, economy and scientific technique. 程度上取决于社会政策，经济和科学技术的发展needthe urgent Facing with reconstruction, of post-war Planning development. oriented toward recovery and economic 1950surban planning showed a

11、 pattern However, creation and housing provision. concerned became primarily with industrial development, job planners with no background of economic and social training couldnt be sensitive to the wider economic, political and social complexities of urban planning. So planning still emphasized more

12、 on physical land-use 1950surbanbut to respond the demand of post-war reconstruction.随着战后重建的迫切需要面对，规划成为与产业发展，创造就业和住房有关条文。然而，显示模式走向复苏和经济发展的导向。规划PRIMAR由于没有经济和社会培训背景规划者不能敏感的矛盾的经济，政治和社会的城市规划的复杂性。所以仍计 划强调物理土地使用更多的响应，但战后重建的需求。reconstruction, the post-war Going through 1960s came with rapidly growing econo

13、my and advancing technology. Urban planners were aware to the complex urban system of political, economic, technical and environmental problems. As a result, planning started to provide development strategies on socio-economic aspect and environmental protection. Regional Planning and National Plann

14、ing were rapidly developed to provide general policies and strategies, such as large-scale guide development, etc. to growth, economic framework, population distribution, infrastructure housing occurred there planning Because local planning. of the introduction of computers to urban process, growing

15、 became more scientific. Furthermore, due to the rapidly planning planning models. Then urban number of cars, the transportation planning became a more important part of planning. At the same time, that advocated and uncontrolled redevelopment, pollution by environmentalist, awareness of urban Furth

16、ermore, conservation. environmental pay planning should more attention on protection and urban public participation was introduced to the planning process because they realized that urban planning was 年代迅速发展的经济和先进技术来了。城市规划者related to their benefits. 通过战后重建会，世纪6020意识到在复杂的政治，经济，技术和环境问题的城镇体系。因此，规划开始提供有

17、关社会经济方面和环保事业的发展战略。区域规划和国家规划提供了快速发展的大政方针和策略，如大规模的经济框架，人口分布，基础设施的发展，房屋开发等，引导地方规划。由于计算机引入城市规划过程中，发生规划模型。然Sametime交通规划成为规划的重要组成部分。在由于汽车数量迅速增加，城市规划更加科学。后，此外，的，环保的污染和无节制的城市重建的认识，主张规划应更加环保和城市保护的重视。此外，被介绍给公众参与规划的过程，因为他们意识到城市规划是关系到他们的利益。1970s capitalist economy began to recess, Traditional challenged and pla

18、nning profession encountered crisis. “Planning had not been able to fulfill its values were promise of balancing growth across the country and spreading its benefits widely with society”. During this period, planning was combined to implementation, not just design and reform. And planning was not ju

19、st political vested was part in policy-making, so planning officials, following the policy made by but take of the that would include goals wanted implication. Most of radical planners a redefinition of planning process a longer design of social justice, equality, and redistribution wealth and power

20、. Planning was no completed by expertise, but a political process that involved citizens of every class to take part in. Related policies or ordinance were established to form an open and equal planning process. Thus, apart from the planning-making, including allocation original land use and socio-e

21、conomic strategies, planning process，年代资本主义经济开始休会，70application and enforcement, was integrated into planning system. 20世纪其平衡全国各地的传播与社会发展和Fulfil传统价值观念受到挑战和策划界遇到的危机。 “规划没有能够它的好处广泛的诺言”。在此期间，其中合并计划的实施，不仅是设计和规划什么改革，而不是由以下官员的政策，但参与决策的一部分，所以规划是赋予政治含义。规划师最想要的规划激进的重新定义，其中包括社会正义，平等，财富和权力再分配的目标。规划不再是一个由专家完成设计

22、过程，而是一个政治过程，每类涉及公民参加英寸相关政策或法令的一部分，建立，形成一个开放的规划程序和平等。因此，除了原有的土地使用分配和社会经济战略，规划的过程中，包括规划，决策，实施和执行，这将规划系统集 成 When times came to 1980s, with the global economic restructuring, business played a vital role in economic system and planning encountered forgetting. Some people thought that market could alloca

23、te the resources and balance the demand and require in a more rational way, but planning restricted market. Actually, resources are limit, and city is composed of political, economic, cultural and environmental issues, market is not able e of planning. Todays urban planning is to balance them all. T

24、hen 1990s is the resurgenca comprehensive planning with concerns about the sustainable development of politics, economy and environment. It contains socio-economic development strategy, policies, regulations, decision-making process, environmental conservation as well as land-use planning, urban des

25、ign and landscape. In addition, along with the economic globalization, planning is going beyond the traditionally boundary of nation state. Planning cooperation in regions and all over the world is searched for a better economic circumstance and a sustainable environment. Todays planning is socio-re

26、quired to put the city in world context, and then figures out promising strategies for 了至关中发挥调整，企业在经济经济结世当its future development. 时间来到20纪80年代全球构划要场规拨资源，平衡需求和更理性的方式，市场遗划系统遇到忘。有些人认为市能增规重要的作用和这是无法平衡所有场成的，市问题组境环，文化和经济源限制，城市是政治，资，实求，但受到限制。其问题续发展划是一个关于政治，经济和环境的可持。今天的城市20些，然后是世纪90年代规划的复苏规划，城市规程，以及环境保育土地利用总

27、体战的全面规划。它包括社会经济发展略，政策，法规，决策过划和世界各地的区域合作是规规划是超越了民族国家的传统边界。此外，随着设计和景观经济全球化，是需投入在世界上的城市，然后出其境。今天的规划范围环寻找一种更好的社会经济环境和可持续发展的 略数字。未来发展前途的战 FURTHER READING （2）: Trends in Modern Urban Planning of US Urban planning in the United States differentis quite federal are a they than elsewhere. Since the provides

28、have democracy, they do not the centralized national planning that not been popular to suggest this centralized framework into which local planning must fit. It has approach since most Americans abhor big government. Thus, the 50 states emerge as the highest levels for 在美国城市规划是相当比其他 planning, and so

29、metimes they are subdivided into regional planning areas.地方不同。由于他们是一个联邦民主，他们没有集中的国家规划框架，提供了地方规划必须适合哪。它没个州出现作为规划的最高因此，50有得到普及建议本集中的方式，因为大多数美国人深恶痛绝的大政府。 水平，有时他们纳入区域规划领域细分。and regional the city Urban planning occurs at today. level treatment, sewage functions, such as transportation, water supply, Many

30、 true no level, although the economic pollution abatement, and development, occur at regional general-purpose regional governments have been created. Instead, planning at the regional level tends to be advisory to the already established general-purpose governments at the state, county, and municipal levels. 城市规划今天These levels have their own planning processes, which are often linked with regional plans. 发生在城市和地区的水平。许多功能，如交通，供水，污水处理，污染减排和经济发展，发生在区域一级，县，相反，虽然没有真正的通用地区政府已经建立。在区域层面的规划往往是咨询到已经建立的通用在州，市各级政府。这些级别有自己的规划过程，往往与哪些区域规划联系起来