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1、文献出处： Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1，2018：pp 307- 311译文字数：3300 多字英文Analysis of Activity Population and Mobility Impacts of a New Shopping Mall Using Mobile Phone BigdataKwang-Sub LeeAbstractThis paper is an explorative research, examining the impact of the new shopping mall, Hyundai, in Se

2、ongnam city of Korea. The focuses are on the activity population and mobility around the major shopping malls in the city, including three pre-existing major shopping malls. For this purpose, we analyzed mobile phone records in 2015 and 2016, before and after the new shopping mall. The data represen

3、t total mobile users in Korea. The number of activity population in the Hyundai mall increased by 103%. The new shopping mall negatively impacted the nearest shopping mall, AK, decreasing activity population by 3%. Internal and external mobility showed that visitors coming from all regions to the Hy

4、undai mall were increased, while internal population visiting to the SK mall showed mixed results. Local government and urban planners will find this case study to be of interest with regards to mitigating the impacts of a new shopping mall development in similar urban situations.Keywords：Impact ana

5、lysis， Shopping mall， Activitypopulation， Mobility 1 IntroductionShopping malls are one or more buildings from a complex of shops representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to walk from unit to unit （Wikipedia）. Nowadays they are not just for shopping, but are pla

6、ces where consumers visit for doing diverse activities for social life, economic activities, entertainment, recreational, and cultural functions. Shopping malls have become an inseparable element of spatial functions in large cities. In particular, most urban cities in Korea have mixed used developm

7、ents, and shopping malls offer consumers with an attractive and integrated community in which to live, work and shop.Shopping malls attract buyers, sellers and customers. They choose a shopping mall based on store assortment, convenience, distance to malls, economic advantage and leisure facilities

8、（Rajagopal 2009）. Previous studies of the impacts of shopping malls have focused on the economic impacts （ICSC 2013; McGreevy 2016）, the social impact on a city （Heffner and Twardzik 2014）, the change of the functional structure of city （Dickinson and Rice 2010）, and the choice of shopping malls （Bo

9、rgers et al. 2013; Rajagopal 2009）. It is inevitable that the opening of a new shopping mall has an impact on pre-existing shopping malls as well as on activity patterns in the surrounding area of shopping malls.The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of a mega shopping mall, Hyundai Pang

10、yo department store in Seongnam city ofKorea, on the surrounding business district, and the pre-existing and competitive shopping malls located in the city. The focuses are on the activity population around the major shopping malls in the city, and on the spatial impacts and mobility of the visitors

11、 to the area. This study is an explorative research, and attempts to address those issues by examining mobile phone bigdata before and after the opening of the new shopping mall. Although when using mobile phone data it is hard to precisely distinguish shoppers or visitors inside the mall from those

12、 outside the mall, an analysis of changes in the number of activity population and mobility can provide valuable information on the planning issues that emerge from such major shopping mall developments.The paper reviews the study area and the dataset in the next section. It then presents the analys

13、is of activity population and mobility surrounding four major shopping malls in the city. Conclusions and future researches are discussed in the final section.2 Study Area and Mobile Phone Bigdata2.1 Study AreaSeongnam is the second largest city in Koreas Gyeonggi Province and the 10th largest city

14、in the country. Its area is 141.72 km2 and population is about one million. Seongnam is a satellite city located immediately southeast of Seoul, and largely a residential city. Bundang, one of three districts in Seongnam, is a planned city and was developed inthe 1990s to accelerate the dispersion o

15、f Seouls population to its suburbs and relieve the congested Seoul metropolitan area. All four major shopping malls analyzed in this paper are located in the Bundang district of Seongnam.The Hyundai shopping mall has opened in August, 2015. It is a big, complex shopping mall with about 900 shop unit

16、s, 210 brands, 100 restaurants, and parking space for 2,700 cars. The building has 13 floors above ground and 6 underground. The total floor area is about 233,518 m2. The lot area is about 22,905 m2, which is equivalent to two soccer fields. Before the opening of the Hyundai shopping mall, there wer

17、e big three shopping malls, including AK Plaza, Lotte, and NC, in Bundang-gu. Activity population and mobility of four shopping malls are compared in this paper.2.2 Description of Mobile Phone DataAs of 2014, about 57 million people owned mobile phones in Korea, which is equal to 1.13 mobile phones

18、per person on average. Thus, most of adults and teenagers have a mobile phone. For this analysis, we used the SKTs mobile phone data. The original mobile phone records were collected and preprocessed by SKT. First, every mobile phone signal is received by a nearby cellular tower, and the existing lo

19、cation and time information is stored in a server. Mobile traffic is identified by phone calls, SMS messages, notifications or updates from apps, or Internetconnections. A location of mobile phone is initially identified by a cellular tower, albeit covering a large area of at least 2,500 m2. Thus, S

20、KT further segregated the identified location into a square cell area （50 m by 50 m）, based on a spatial correlation of land use and the weights of the total floor areas of building types. SKT, one of three mobile phone telecommunication operators in Korea, consistently held about half of the countr

21、ys total mobile phone memberships. Before providing the dataset, SKT further expanded their mobile phone records to include the total mobile phone users in Korea, using the countrys market share rate. This is a huge advantage for the population and mobility analysis because the dataset represents th

22、e total population of mobile phone users.The daily records consist of 16 columns. The data include information on the number of users at each cell grouped by age and gender of users, the coordinates of the cell location, and the users home location. It should be noted that it is a daily-based record

23、s, and double counts are not allowed in the same cell in the same day. The data do not store a person logs in order to protect privacy. For this study, we analyzed two weeks of data in two years （March 1622, 2015 and March 1420, 2016）. The dataset include about 160 million records per day on average

24、.3 Analysis3.1 Changes of Activity PopulationWe analyzed one week of mobile phone data in each year of 2015and 2016. Activity population is defined as the number of mobile phone users in this paper, who are located in a 50 m cell. To compare activity population before and after the opening of a new

25、shopping mall, we need the number of population visiting to a shopping mall. However, when using mobile phone data, it is very difficult to identify whether people are inside a shopping mall with purposes of vising the mall, because the data does not have an activity or trip purpose and the exact de

26、stination. Thus, we extract the number of activity population located within a certain catchment area instead of in a cell. This study specifically interested in the comparison of changes of activity population, including shoppers in the mall as well as visitors around the mall. For this reason, we

27、analyzed activity population in catchment areas ranged from 100 m to 300 m with an interval of 50 m, and we determined 300 m as the reasonable catchment area in this paper.First, we examined activity patterns by day of the week, and found that they were very similar to all shopping malls. The number

28、 of activity population gradually increased from Monday to Friday, and dropped on weekends. The peak activity population was appeared on Friday. However, activity patterns in 2016 showed slightly different patterns in 2015. The number of activity population on Saturday was lower than that of Monday

29、in 2015. However, the number of population on Saturday was very similar that of Monday in 2016. All shopping malls showed thesepatterns.We compared average daily activity population in four malls in 2015 and 2016. We compared average daily activity population within 300 m before and after the new sh

30、opping mall. Activity population in the Hyundai shopping mall increased by 103% in 2016, while that of the AK shopping mall slightly decreased by 3%. The AK mall is the nearest shopping mall from the Hyundai mall, locating in 1.3 km away from the east-south of the Hyundai mall. Thus, the opening of

31、the Hyundai mall negatively impacted the AK mall. On the other hand, activity population in both Lotte and NC malls increased by 8% and 78%, respectively in 2016. The distances are 1.6 km and 2.4 km, respectively, away from the Hyundai mall. So, it is interesting that the NC mall was not negatively

32、impacted by the Hyundai mall.We analyzed shows the population differences of three shopping malls in each catchment areas. In all catchment areas, activity population in 2016 in the AK mall were decreased compared to those in 2015, while those in the Hyundai mall were increased. The activity population in the Lotte mall decreased within 250 m, while they are increased within 300 m.3.2 Changes of MobilityShoppers are willing to sacrifice longer distances and travel times in order to go to larger shopping malls with more options. According to the sp