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1、Her lecture had a crowded audience. 她的演讲挤满了听众。The speaker had a small (thin) but attentive audience. 这位演讲者的听众不多(很少),但很专心。(from )She felt nervous at having to sing before so large an audience such a large audience. 要在那么多观众面前唱歌她感到很紧张。4.要具体表示观众的数量,可参考以下表达:There were at least three hundred people in the

2、 audience. 观众至少有300人。The series has attracted an audience of more than 10 million. 这个系列片吸引了1,000多万观众收看。An audience of millions watched the royal wedding on TV. 数以百万计的人们在电视上观看皇家婚礼。不过,偶尔它也可直接受数字(通常为较大的数字)的修饰。Three thousand audience crowded the concert hall. 3,000名听众挤满了音乐大厅。5.主要指收音机的“听众”,音乐会的“听众”,电视的“观

3、众”,戏曲的“观众”等,若指看比赛(如足球赛)的“观众”,则用spectator。ability用法说明1. 表示“能力”、“能够”,多为不可数名词;表示“才能”、“才干”,多用复数形式。He is a man of ability. 他是位有能力的人。He is a man of many abilities. 他是位多才多艺的人。2. 表示有能力做某事或具有做某事的能力等,其后通常要接不定式。He has the ability to speak English fluently. 他能流利地说英语。The ability to be clearly heard is extremely

4、important for newsreaders. 声音宏亮清晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。但在现代英语中,也可后接 of doing sth (不如接不定式普遍,建议初学者谨用)。I admire his ability of doing the work quickly. 我羡慕他工作做得快。3. ability的反义词是inability,不是disabilityinability表示没有能力或没有才能,而disability则指因先天缺陷或受伤变残而导致的无能。Physical disability causes mental anguish. 生理伤残会引起心理苦闷。His inab

5、ility to speak French puts him at a disadvantage. 他不会说法语,这使他很吃亏。able用法要点1. 表示“有能力的”、“能干的”,可用作表语或定语。He is an able manager. 他是位有能力的经理。He is old but still able. 他虽年老,但仍有很能干。2. 用于 be able to do sth(能或会做做某事)。He is able to speak English. 他会说英语。Everyone here is able to type. 这儿的每一个人都会打字。He will be able to

6、get about in a week or two. 再过一两个星期左右他就能走动了。He studied hard and was able to pass his examinations. 他学习很努力,所以考试及了格。注:be able to 不仅有多种时态形式(通常不用于进行时或与 be going to 连用),而且还可以与某些情态动词连用(通常不与 can 连用),甚至还可以有非谓语形式。Since his accident he hasnt been able to leave the house. 自出事之后,他一直未能离开家。You might be able to pe

7、rsuade him. 你也许能够说服他。I hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。I regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。3. able 的比较级和最高级通常是 abler 和 ablest,也可以是 more able 和 most able,有时还可用 better able和best able。You are better able to do it than I (am). 你比我更有能力做这件事。Shes the person best able to cope. 她是个最能妥善

8、处理问题的人。4. 若要加强语气,其前除可very, quite, perfectly等修饰外,有时还可用well修饰。He is quite well able to take care of himself. 他完全有能力照顾自己。Hes a very able student; hes just too lazy. 他是个很有能力的学生,只是太懒了。若受just, only just修饰,则表示“只能”“仅能”。I was just able to make out a dark figure in the distance. 我只能看见远处有个黑影。5. able的反义词是unable

9、(不能的,不会的),不是disable,后者是动词,其意为“使残废”“使无能力”。比较:They were unable to reach a decision. 他们没法做出决定。Now that he was disabled, his house had become a prison to him. 因为他残废了,他的房子就成了他的牢笼。动词admit用法指津用法一 表示“承认”,值得注意的用法有:1. 表示“承认做了某事”,其后通常接动名词不接不定式。She admitted having seen us. 她承认看到过我们。I admit breaking the window.

10、我承认打破了窗子。表示“承认”时,有时用于 admit to, 此时的 admit为不及物动词,但该结构中的介词 to 常可省略,省略介词后 admit 即为及物动词。He would never admit to being wrong. 他从不认错。He admitted (to) stealing. 他供认了偷盗。2. 有时其后接带不定式的复合宾语,但其中的不定式通常应是 to be。She admitted him to be right. 她承认他是对的。You must admit the task to be difficult. 你们得承认任务是艰巨的。3. 有时可后接从句。I

11、 admit (that) I was wrong(=I admit my mistake). 我承认我错了。用法二 表示“允许进入”“使能进入”等义,既可指进入某一具体场所也可指进入某一组织机构等。This ticket admits one person only. 此券只准一人入场。There were no windows to admit air. 没有窗子可使空气流入。The school admits 200 students every year. 这所学校每年招收200名学生。试比较以下两句(注意介词不同)。She was admitted to into the Party

12、. 她被吸收入党。She was admitted as a Party member. 她被接纳为党员。表示“允许进入”等,也含有动态意味,所以一般不与 enter, go in 之类的词连用。通常不说:He opened the door and admitted me to enter into the house. (可将 to enter 去)careful与careless的用法要点一、careful的用法1. 后接介词 of 或 about, 表示“当心”、“留意”等。Be careful of the dog; it sometimes bites people. 当心那条狗,

13、它有时候咬人。You must be careful of about your pronunciation. 你要注意你的发音。be careful 后一般不接介词 for。我希望你要多注意身体。正:I hope youll be more careful ofabout your health. 误:I hope youll be more careful for your health. 2. 后接介词 with(其后多接名词)或 in(其后多接动名词),表示做某事时很小心或仔细。Hes careful with in doing his work. 他工作很仔细。Be careful

14、with the vase; it is valuable. 这花瓶很贵,小心点。Be careful in dealing with such people. 和这种人打交道要小心。3. 后接不定式。Be careful not to drop it. 小心不要把它掉了。You must be careful to avoid being caught. 你必须小心,不要被抓住。Hes careful to read every sentence. 他注意读(即不漏读)每一个句子。Hes careful in reading every sentence. 他读每个句子都很仔细。4. 后接从

15、句。Be careful how you hold it. 小心拿好。Do be careful what you say. 说话一定要小心。Be careful that you dont hurt her feelings(Be carefulnot to hurt her feelings). 当心别伤害她的感情。后接 what 从句时,可用介词 of, about 等,但通常省略,但是若是接 that, how, when, where 等引导的从句,则一般不用介词;另外,从句谓语若指将来,通常要用一般现在时代替将来时( 见上例)。二、careless的用法1. 注意以下句型你把钱包放

16、在这里真是太大意了。It was careless of you to leave your wallet here. You were careless to leave your wallet here. 以上第一句句首的 it 为形式主语,不能改为 that。但是若以上句型后面不出现不定式,那么句首的 it 也可换为 that。他太粗心了。正:It was very careless of him. Thats very careless of him. 2. 比较:He was careless to make the mistake. 他很粗心,结果出 了错。(句中的不定式为结果状语

17、)He was so careless as to make the mistake. (同上)He was careless in typing the letter. 他打这封信时很 粗心。(句中的 in typing the letter有类似 when he was typing the letter 的意思)He was careless to type the letter. (若此句视为正句,则只能理解为:他很粗心,结果把那封信打印了出来)3. 表示“不在意的”、“不关心的”等,其后可接介词 about, of, with 等。Hes careless of about his

18、speech. 他讲话随便。She is careless of with his health. 她不注意身体。He is careless with his pronunciation. 他对语音不注意。Dont be so careless with your money. 你花钱不要这样随便。down与up用法详解这是一组反义词,因其用法相似,故放在一起讲述:1. 用作副词,down 的基本义为“向下”或“在下面”;up 的基本义为“向上”或“在上面”。He jumped up and caught the ball. 他跳起来接住了球。He looked the girl up an

19、d down. 他上下打量着这个姑娘。He sat down but she stood up. 他坐下,但她却站了起来。A:Its hot up here. 这上面很热。B:Really? But its cool down here. 真的吗? 但这下面却很凉快。A: Is he up yet? 他起床了吗?B: Yes, hes up but not down. 起床了,但还没有下楼来。2. 表示北到南、从中央到地方、从内地到沿海、从城市到乡村、从学校到社会等,用 down;而表示从南到北、从地方到中央、 从沿海到内地、从乡村到城市、从中学到大学等,用 up。He lives down

20、south. 他住在南方。Hes just come down from the university. 他刚大学毕业。They have gone up to the city. 他们上城里去了。He is up from the country. 他是从乡下来的。When is he going up to Oxford (Beijing)? 他什么时候去牛津(北京)?3. 表示由大到小、由多到少、由高到低、由浓变淡、由强到弱、由动到静、由近而远等,用 down;而表示由小到大、由少到多、 由低到高、由弱到强、由远而近等。The wind died down away. 风平静下来了。Sp

21、eak up, Jack. 杰克,说得大声些。Are prices coming down? 物价在下跌吗?No, they are still going up. 不,还在上涨。I asked him to turn the radio down, but he turned it up. 我叫他把收音机的音量关小,但他却把它开大了。4. 用于句首,其后引出倒装句。Down came the hammer. 锤子突然掉了下来。Up went the arrow into the sky. 飕地一声,箭飞上了天。若主语是代词,则不倒装。Down it came. 它一下子掉了下来。Up you

22、 come. 你上来。5. 两者都可用作介词(其后接有名词作宾语):(1) 表示静态意义,down 指“在下面”、“在的末端”; up 指“在上面”。The bathroom is down the stairs. 洗澡间在楼梯下面。They live just down the road. 他们就住在马路那头。They live up the hill. 他们住在山上。His office is up the stairs. 他的办公室在楼上。(2) 表示动态意义,down 指“沿着往下(或往远处)”;up表示“沿着往上(或往近处)”。Tears ran down her face. 眼泪顺

23、着她的脸流了下来。The boy climbed up (down) the tree. 这男孩爬上(下)树。I carried the bag up (down) the stairs. 我把袋子扛上(下)了楼梯。比较以下正误句型:他下了梯子。He got down the ladder. He got down the horse. (一个人不可能“沿马而下”)He got down from the horse. 他从马上跳下来。他爬上了屋顶。He climbed up on the roof. He climbed up to the roof. He climbed up the r

24、oof. (此句的意思是:沿着屋顶往上爬,不合逻辑)He climbed up the hill. 他爬上山(即沿着山往上爬)。youth用法小议注意以下用法及其可数性:1. 表示“青春”,是不可数名词。She lost (kept) her youth. 她青春不再(青春依旧)。2. 表示“青年时代”、“年轻时候”,是不可数名词。I often went there in my youth. 我小时候常去那儿。At the party I met a friend of my youth. 在晚会上我遇到了一个我年轻时候的朋友。3. 表示“青年人”,有两种用法:(1) 用作个体名词(可数),

25、主要用来指男青年而不指女青年。As a youth he showed little promise. 他这个小伙子看不出有什么出息。Several youths and girls were standing at street corner. 有几个小伙子和姑娘站在街道拐角处。这样用的 youth 有时带有贬义。The police are looking for five youths (=five people). 警察正在找五个青年人。(2) 用作集合名词,表整体(可指男女青年),用作主语时谓语可用单数或复数。The youth of today is are fond of dan

26、cing. 现在的年青人都喜欢跳舞。The youth of the country is are ready to fight. 全国的青年都准备战斗。yet用法归纳一、用作副词表示“已经”、“至今”、“仍然”等,通常用于否定句、疑问句(包括一些表示怀疑的动词),且通常位于句末。Is your mother back yet? 你母亲回来了吗?I dont want to go away yet. 我还不想离开。I doubt if he has read it yet. 我怀疑他是否读过它。在否定句中,有时也位于句中(紧跟在否定词之后),这种用法比句末位置的用法更正式。我们还不知道答案。We dont know the answer yet. (口语或非正式)We do not yet know the answer. (正式)We dont know yet the answer. 但有时可紧跟在动词后的从句前。I dont know yet whether hell come or not. 我还不知道他来不来。比较以下两句的时态,与英国英语和美国英语有关:我还没收到他的来信。I havent received a letter from him yet. (英)I didnt receive a letter from him yet

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