版一轮复习英语译林版语法专题.docx

1、版一轮复习英语译林版语法专题语法专题专题一名词和冠词语法项目(一)名词名词的数 典题尝试(单句语法填空)1(2017全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.2(2017全国卷) She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to

2、concentrate on her studies.3(2016全国卷)Recent studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 规则点拨1物质名词一般不用复数形式，但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别。fishes各种鱼fruits各种水果steels各种钢材2物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。a cup of tea一杯茶two pairs of trousers两条裤子four pieces of bread四片面包3有

3、些名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义。work(工作)works(著作)arm(手臂)arms(军火)glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜)cloth(布)clothes(衣服)4有些名词既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，但是意义不同。room空间a room一间房glass玻璃a glass一个玻璃杯子 chicken鸡肉a chicken一只小鸡paper纸a paper一张报纸5有些名词形似单数，但实为复数，如police, people。6有些名词单复数同形。如means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂), ca

4、ttle。7有些名词若被看作整体就用作单数，若被看作组成该集体的各个成员就用作复数。class, family, couple, audience, government, public。8有些名词经常以复数形式出现。glasses眼镜clothes衣服goods货物 trousers裤子ashes灰尘 surroundings环境belongings所有物 congratulations祝贺have words with sb.同某人吵架9合成名词的复数。gobetweengobetweens(中间人)，grownupgrownups, passerbypassersby。注意事项以s, x

5、, ch, sh结尾的单词复数形式一般加es。watchwatches(此时ch的发音是/t/)，而stomachstomachs (此时ch的发音是/k/)例外。 对点演练(单句改错)1. (2018山东临沂一模)In China, I always spend the Spring Festival with Chinese family, eating dumplings, laughing and joking.familyfamilies_2(2018江西省高三第二次联考) As we returned home, I gathered some item. itemitems3(2

6、018山西重点中学协作体一模) Whats more, we should improve our method of study and make good preparations for exams.methodmethods_4(2018山西晋商四校联考)Li Lin is a senior three students who devotes himself to his study every day. studentsstudent5(2018安徽示范性高中联考)First, we should adopt a positive attitudes towards failure

7、.attitudesattitude名词的固定搭配 典题尝试(单句语法填空)1(2018河北石家庄二中一模) I would appreciate it if you could take me into consideration (consider) 2.(2018东北三省四市联考) He said he painted for pleasure (please) 规则点拨1名词与介词搭配 above average超过平均水平at present 目前at risk 冒险beyond compare 无与伦比beyond belief 难以置信by no means 决不；一点也不for

8、 sale 供出售for an instant 一瞬间in ruins 毁坏；破败不堪in advance 提前in public 公开in conclusion 总之on purpose 故意地on the whole 总的来说on the contrary 相反under repair 在修理中under consideration 在考虑中under discussion 在讨论中under construction 在建设中2名词与动词搭配 catch sight of瞥见find fault with挑的错make use of利用 keep pace with与同步make a f

9、ool of愚弄 make fun of取笑pay attention to注意 put an end to结束take notice of注意到 take part in参加 对点演练(单句语法填空)1(2018福建龙岩质检)They think that taking notes with cellphones instead of by hand (hands) can save time.2. (2018齐齐哈尔市“五校联盟”联考)In addition (add), the feet do not smell as much because they stay dry, making

10、 it hard for bacteria to grow.3Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens reach (reachable)抽象名词具体化 规则点拨1抽象名词通常是不可数名词，但是具体到某人或某物身上时可以加不定冠词。experience经验(不可数名词)an experience一次经历(可数名词)surprise惊奇(不可数名词)a surprise令人吃惊的人或事(可数名词)pleasure愉快(不可数名词)a pleasure一件乐事；一个乐趣(可数名词)honor荣誉(

11、不可数名词)an honor一个(件)光荣的人或事(可数名词)success成功(不可数名词)a success一个(件)成功的人或事(可数名词)comfort安慰(不可数名词)a comfort一个(件)令人安慰的人或事(可数名词) 2物质名词通常是不可数名词，但是可以量化。coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡smoke烟a smoke一支烟，two smokes两支烟drink饮料a drink一杯饮料，five drinks五杯饮料3物质名词有前置、后置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 对点演练(单句改错)1(2018河北唐山调研)Hearing

12、of Als death, I thought，“what a complete fail！”_failfailure2A serious explosion happened in Tianjin.Yes, news came as shock to me.shock前加a 3Though we are now out of danger, the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.great前加a4Everyone agreed the picnic was great success.was后加a5Your advice

13、 was great help to me.great前加a1给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词，考查名词的数(2016全国卷)But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attract). 解析：attraction形容词top修饰空格处的名词，attract的名词形式是attraction，意思是“吸引人之物”。(20166月浙江高考改编)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _ (different) unite, rather than divide us.解析：

14、differences由空格前的our可知此处应用名词的复数形式。2给名词形式提示词，填写名词，考查名词的数 (20176月浙江高考)Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small_ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.解析：carrots根据空格前的“a handful of”以及空格后的“them”可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrot的复数形式。(2016全国卷)The nurse

15、ry team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, the other is with mum she never suspects.解析：days“every few复数名词”意思是“每隔”。every few days “每隔几天”。3考查名词的固定搭配(2015江苏高考改编)Some schools will have to make _ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 解析：adjustmentsmake adjustments“做出调整”，为固定搭配。(