新剑桥商务英语高级单词总结Word格式.docx

1、 the amount of output produced （in a certain period, using a certain number of inputs11. corporate ethos: a companys ways of working and thinking12. collaboration: working together and sharing ideas13. insulated or isolated: alone, placed in a position away from others14. fragmentation: breaking som

2、ething up into pieces15. motivate :To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to do something.16. employee: A person employed by someone else, working for money.17. labor relations: Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers, management and unions.18. respon

3、sibility: Having control of something as part of your job19. wages: Money paid （per hour or day or week） to manual workers20. salary: A fixed regular payment made by employers, usually, for professional or office work.21. benefits or perks: Advantages that come with a job, apart from wages or salary

4、.22. promotion: To be raised to a higher rank or better job.23.job security: Knowing that there is little risk of losing ones job.24. skilled: Having particular abilities, acquired by training.25. subcontractor : Any company that provides goods or services for another one26. component : Any of the p

5、ieces or parts that make up a product, machine, etc.27.outsourcing or contracting out : Buying products or processed materials from other companies rather than manufacturing them28. capacity : The （maximum） rate of output that can be achieved from a production process29. plant : The buildings, machi

6、nes, equipment and other facilities used in the production process30. location : The geographical situation of a factory or other facility: 31. inventory : The stock of any item or resource used in an organization （including raw materials, parts, supplies, work in process and finished products） 32.

7、lead time : The time needed to perform an activity （i.e. to manufacture or deliver something）33.distribution channel: all the companies or individuals involved in moving a particular kind of goods or service from the producer to the consumer.34.to launch a product: to introduce a new product onto th

8、e market.35.market opportunities: possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a company can profitably produce goods or services36.market research: collecting, analyzing and reporting data relevant to a specific marketing situation （such as a proposed new product）37.market segment

9、ation: dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different requirements or buying habits38.packaging: wrappers and containers in which products are sold39.points of sale: places where goods are sold to the public shops, stores, kiosks, market stalls, etc.40.product concept: an idea f

10、or a new product, which is tested with target consumers before the actual product is developed41.product features: attributes or characteristics of a product: quality, price, reliability, etc.42.sales representative: someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries to persuade them t

11、o buy goods or services43.Word-of-mouth advertising: free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to their friends.44.Institutional or prestige advertising: advertising that mentions a companys name but not specific products.45.Advertising agencies: companies that handle advertising

12、 for clients.46.An account: a contract with a company to produce its advertising.47.An advertising budget: the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its advertising and buying media time or space.48.A brief: the statement of objectives of an advertising campaign that a client works

13、out with an advertising agency.49.Advertising campaign: the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular period of time.50.Target customers or target market: a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans to satisfy.51.Media planners: the people who choose where to adve

14、rtise, in order to reach the right customers.52.The threshold effect: the fact that a certain amount of advertising is necessary to attract a prospective customers attention.53.The comparative-parity method: choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as ones competitors.54.Counter-cyclical adv

15、ertising: advertising during periods or seasons when sales are normally relatively poor.55.Bookkeeping: writing down the details of transactions （debits and credits）56.Accounting: keeping financial records, recording income and expenditure, valuing assets and liabilities, and so on57.Managerial acco

16、unting: preparing budgets and other financial reports necessary for management58.Cost accounting: working out the unit costs of products, including materials, labor and all other expenses59.Tax accounting: calculating an individuals or a companys liability for tax60.Auditing: inspection and evaluati

17、on of accounts by a second set of accountants61.Creative accounting: using all available accounting procedures and tricks to disguise the true financial position of a company62. shareholders or stockholders : A companys owners63. earnings or income : The revenues received by a company during a given

18、 period, minus the cost of sales, operating expenses, and taxes 64. liabilities : All the money that a company will have to pay to someone else in the future, including taxes, debts, and interest and mortgage payments65. turnover : The amount of business done by a company over a year66. assets : Any

19、thing owned by a business （cash investments, buildings, machines, and so on） that can be used to produce goods or pay liabilities67. depreciation or amortization : The reduction in value of a fixed asset during the years it is in use （charged against profits）68. debtors or accounts receivable : Sums

20、 of money owed by customers for goods or services purchased on credit69. creditors or accounts payable :Sums of money owed to suppliers for purchases made on credit70. stock or inventory : （The value of ） raw materials, work in progress, and finished products stored ready for sale71. overheads or ov

21、erhead : The various expenses of operating a business that cannot be charged to any one product, process or department72.Overdraft: an arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more from a bank account than has been deposited in it, up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily.

22、73.Credit card: a card which guarantees payment for goods and services purchased by the cardholder, who pays back the bank or finance company at a later date. 74.Cash dispenser or ATM: a computerized machine that allows bank customers to withdraw money, check their balance, and so on75.Loan: a fixed

23、 sum of money on which interest is paid, lent for a fixed period, and usually for a specific purpose76.Standing order or direct debit: an instruction to a bank to pay fixed sums of money to certain people or organizations at stated times.77.Mortgage: a loan, usually to buy property, which serves as

24、a security for the loan78.Cash card: a plastic card issued to bank customers for use in cash dispensers79.Home banking: doing banking transactions by telephone or from ones own personal computer80.Current or checking account: one that generally pays little or no interest, but allows the holder to wi

25、thdraw his or her cash without any restrictions81.Deposit or time or notice account: one that pays interest, but usually cannot be used for paying cheques （GB） or checks （US）, and on which notice is often required to withdraw money82.Deposit: to place money in a bank; or money placed in a bank83.For

26、eign currencies: the money used in countries other than ones own84.Yield: how much money a loan pays, expressed as a percentage85.Liquidity: available cash, and how easily other assets can be turned into cash86.Maturity: the date when a loan becomes repayable87.Underwrite: to guarantee to buy all th

27、e new shares that a company issues, if they cannot be sold to the public88.Takeover: when a company buys or acquires another89.Merger: when a company combines with another one90.Stockbroking: buying and selling stocks or shares for clients91.Portfolio management: taking care of all a clients investm

28、ents92.Deregulation: the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions93.Conglomerate: a group of companies, operating in different fields, that have joined together 94.Blue chip: a company considered to be without risk 95.Solvency: ability to pay liabilities when they become due96.Collateral: anything t

29、hat acts as a security or a guarantee for a loan97.liability: having a responsibility or an obligation to do something, e.g. to pay a debt98.creditor: a person or organization to whom money is owed （for goods or services rendered, or as repayment of a loan）99.bankrupt: to be insolvent: unable to pay

30、 debts.100.assets: everything of value owned by a business that an be used to produce goods, pay liabilities, and so on101.to liquidate: to sell all the possessions of a bankrupt business.102.liabilities: money that a company will have to pay to someone else （bills, taxes, debts, interest ad mortgage payments,