第十一章 否定句Word下载.docx

1、He does not have many friends here. 在这里他没有很多朋友。Pure gold does not dread fire. 真金不怕火炼。I dont know her very well. 我并不很了解她。Usually we dont have breakfast on Sunday morning. 通常星期天早上我们不吃早餐。She didnt come to school this morning. 今天早上她没有来上学。We didnt have time enough to finish the work. 我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。He

2、 hasnt yet paid the money. 他尚未付钱。I wont do it again. 我不愿意再做这种事。A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone. 骨头打狗狗不叫。（谚语）I havent done anything wrong to her. 他没有做对不起她的事。The old man cannot find his way home. 那个老人找不到回家的路。The economic problem in that country will never be solved. 那个国家的经济问题永远不得解决。 Mo

3、ney could not buy happiness. 金钱买不来幸福。Dont believe him. 不要相信他的话。1）在一般否定中，我们常用nt一类的简略否定语。它们有下列一些：isnt=is notarent=are notwasnt=was notwerent=were notdont=do notdoesnt=does notdidnt=did nothavent=have nothasnt=has nothadnt=had notwont=will notshant=shall notmustnt= must notneednt=need notcant=can not（也

4、可以用cannot）maynt=may notshouldnt=should notwouldnt=would notcouldnt=could notoughtnt=ought notdarent=dare notusent=use not有时我们还可看到aint，它用来代替am not、is not、are not、have not、has not，属于俗语范围，在正式文体中一般不用。2）一般说来，简略形式在语气和意义上要比完全形式弱一些，要强调否定意义时，需要用完全形式。我们常可以听到有人用了简略形式后，再用强调形式。I cant say. I really can not say. 我

5、不能说。我真的不能说。I wont go there. I will not go there any longer. 我不去那儿了。我再也不去那儿了。3）is not和isnt不仅在语气上有轻重之分，有时句子的含义也不一样。试比较：Hes not a fool. 他不是傻瓜。（我不同意说他是傻瓜。）He isnt a fool. 他不是傻瓜。（他完全不是傻瓜，他是个聪明人。4）要注意否定句中有一种现象：否定在句中某一部分，但在语义上却是否定另一部分，这就是否定转移（transferred negation）。否定转移的常见类型有：否定形式在表示看法、感觉的谓语动词上，如：think（认为）、

6、believe（相信）、suppose（猜想）、expect（期望）、feel（觉得）、imagine（以为）等，语义却是否定后面的宾语从句。Im sorry, but I dont think Ive met you before. 对不起，我想我以前没有见过你。I dont think you are right. 我觉得你说得不对。I dont think she is the right person for the job. 我认为她不适合那份工作。I dont think he can pass the exam. 我想这次考试他过不了关。I dont believe he wil

7、l come. 我想他是不会来的。I dont suppose you have paid for it yet. 我猜想你还没付钱吧。He doesnt expect we need worry. 他认为我们不用急。I dont feel I can stand any longer. 我觉得我再也不能忍受了。She doesnt imagine we have finished the job yet. 她以为我们还没有完成任务。否定形式在谓语部分，但语义是否定状语或状语从句。The earth doesnt move round in empty space. 地球并不是处在空无一物的空

8、间中运行。He doesnt go to school by bus but on foot. 他不是步行去上学，而是坐公共汽车。You can not judge a thing only by its looks. 不能凭外表判断事物。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何，就轻信此事。The lake is not famous because

9、its water is clear. 这个湖不是因为水清而闻名。He does not complain because there are a lot of difficulties in the work. 他并不因为工作中有太多的困难而抱怨。He didnt go to see the film because he liked it. 他并不是因为喜欢那部电影才去看的。（比较：He didnt go to see the film yesterday, because he was ill. 他昨天并没有去看电影，因为他病了。It doesnt seem as if it is go

10、ing to rain. 好像天不会下雨。It doesnt look as if he is a Chinese. 他看起来并不像一个中国人。It doesnt sound as if he knew what had happened. 听起来他好像不知道刚才所发生的事情。否定形式在谓语，但语义否定的是表语部分。It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。It isnt likely that

11、 it will rain tomorrow. 看起来明天不会下雨。It isnt probable that he will come here today. 他今天也许不会来这里了。二、特指否定否定谓语动词的否定句通常为一般否定，而否定句子其它成分的否定句称为特指否定。如否定名词、代词、非谓语动词、形容词等。特指否定的形成，一般有两种方法：一是通过语法手段构成的否定，二是使用词汇手段构成的否定。1、通过语法手段构成的否定，即把否定词not或no放在否定的单词前。No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。No two persons think alike. 没有两人想

12、法是一样的。No one came here yesterday. 昨天没有人到这里来过。Not a soul was anywhere visible. 到处见不到一个人。He is no fool. 他决不是个傻瓜。We are no friends with each other. 我们不是好朋友。It is no joke. 这绝对不是开玩笑的事。It is no easy job. 这不是一件容易的工作。I have no time to talk about such an unimportant matter. 我没有时间去谈论这么一个无关紧要的事情。The moon gives

13、 no light of its own. 月亮本身是不发光的。I will take no nonsense. 我不会听胡说。A clean hand wants no washing. 身正不怕影子斜。A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入，祸从口出。He paid no attention to my advice. 他对我的劝告充耳不闻。Time and tide wait for no man. 时间和潮流是不会等人的。I will finish the work in no time. 我立刻就会完成这项工作。We need labor under

14、 no alarm for her safety. 我们毋须为她的安全提心吊胆。At no time and under no circumstance will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 中国在任何时候任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。I can walk no farther. 我不能再走远些了。There is no more ink in the pen. 钢笔没有墨水了。He is no longer our friend. 他不再是我们的朋友了。Our school has not less than 50,000 book

15、s in the library. 我们学校至少有50000册数在图书馆里。There are no more than twenty lessons in this textbook. 这本教科书只有二十课。This book is no better than that one. 这本书和那本一样不好。I could recite neither this poem nor that story. 我既背不出这首诗，也背不出那篇故事。It was an evening of no common delight to them all. 对于他们所有人来说，这是一个不平常的娱乐晚会。To m

16、y no small astonishment, I found the room locked. 发现房间锁着，我觉得非常奇怪。They told us not to go there. 他们告诉我们不要去那里。He seems not to have understood the instructions. 他似乎没有理解那些说明。He happened not to be at home. 那时他恰好不在家。I felt like not being in the room. 我觉得不在房间里。Im looking forward to not seeing her again. 我期望

17、不要再见到她。I am sorry for not giving you a reply. 很抱歉没有给你回复。I found it not difficult to divert his attention. 我觉得要转移他的注意力是不难的。I found myself not very well. 我觉得自己身体不舒服。2、使用词汇手段构成的否定，即把否定前缀和否定后缀放在单词的词首或词尾。The weather has been disappointing this summer. 今夏的天气叫人很不痛快。We all dislike him. 我们都不喜欢他。It is illegal

18、 to steal things. 偷东西是违法的。It is impossible to finish the work within two days. 两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody. 广交友，无深交。You have come at a very inconvenient time. 你来得不是时候。All germs are invisible to the naked eye. 一切细菌都是肉眼看不见的。He is unhappy. 他是很苦恼的。She was always unkind to

19、 us. 她对我们总是不客气。My heart misgave me about the result. 这一结果使我于心不安。It was pouring down nonstop. 当时不停地在下着大雨。Yes, the flood made many people homeless. 是的，洪水使得很多人无家可归。On a fine spring day like this I feel quite carefree. 在春光明媚的日子里，我感到非常舒畅。常用的否定前缀有：anti- （抗；取消；反）如：antinuclear（反对使用核武器的）、antimatter（反物质）、anti

20、war（反战的）、antibody （抗体）、antipollution（防止减轻污染的）等。dis-（除去；否定；分离；不）disadvantage（不利；缺点）、disagree（不一致；不适宜）、dishonest（不诚实的），disappointment（失望）、disapprove（不赞成）、disbelief（不信；怀疑）、disappear（消失）等。in- im- ir- il-（无；不；没有）indirect（间接的）、insensitive（感觉迟钝的）、immoral（不道德的）、impurity（不纯），irregular（不规则的）、irresponsible（不负责

21、任的）、illegal（违法的）、illiterate（没有有文化的）等。mis-（缺少；相反；错；坏；不当）misfortune（不幸）、mismanagement（管理不善）、misunderstand（错误）、miscalculate（算错）等。non-（无；非，不）nonessential（不重要的）、nonmetal（非金属的）、nonparty（无党派的）、nonstop（不停的）、nonunion（未入工会的）等。un- （不；无）uncountable（不可数的）、unconditional（无条件的）、uncertain（不确定的）、unperformed（未履行的）、unf

22、riendly（不友好的）、unhealthy（不健康的）、unimportant（不重要的）等。-less（不；无；hopeless（没有希望的）、painless（不痛的）、stainless（不锈的）、wireless（无线的）、airless（无空气的）等。-free（无；免）duty-free（免税的）、carefree（无忧无虑的）等。有nobody、none、nothing等不定代词的句子也属特指否定。Nothing comes wrong to a hungry man. 饥不择食。Nobody in this class is fit for art. 这个班里没有人适于搞艺

23、术。He has nothing to do with the matter. 他与这事毫不相干。Do you want any money？你需要钱吗？I want none. 一点也不需要。三、部分否定当英语句子中出现一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如all（全体）、both （两者）、every（每个）、everybody（每个人）、everything（每件事）、everywhere（每个地方）、always（常常）、altogether（全体）、entirely（全部）、wholly（全部）等时，用not否定这些词就使句子产生部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的部分否定意义。

24、All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的不一定都是金子。Not all men can be masters. 并非人人都能当头。Opportunities come to all, but all can not catch them when they come. 机会是均等的，人人都有，但当机会到来的时候，不见得人人都能抓住它们。A foolish man doesnt make a mistake all the time. 笨人未必老是犯错误。I dont want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。Both of them are not

25、 right. 并非两人都对。Not every book is educative. 不是每本书都有教育意义的。Every student is not here. 不是每一个学生都在这儿。Not everyone likes his novel. 并非人人都喜欢他的小说。Everyone cannot solve this problem. 并非每个人都能解决这个问题。Money is not everything. 金钱并非万能。I dont know everything about her. 我对她只有一点了解。This flower is not seen everywhere.

26、这花并不是随处可见的。Such a thing is not found everywhere. 这样的事情并非所有的地方都会出现。She is not always so sad. 她并不是一直都这样悲伤。The good and the beautiful do not always go together. 善和美并不一定总是连在一起。A man of learning is not always a man of wisdom. 有学问的人并不一定都是有智慧的人。The businessman is never to be entirely trusted. 不可以完全信任商人。I d

27、ont agree completely. 我并不完全同意。He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。四、全部否定对所叙述的事物全部加以否定的句子称为全部否定句。全部否定句中通常带有none、neither、no、never、nobody、nothing、nowhere等含“绝无”意义的否定词。None of my friends went abroad. 我的朋友没有一位出国。None of their promises were kept. 他们的承诺一个也没兑现。Its none of our custom. 这绝不是我们的风俗。I like n

28、one of that music. 我一点也不喜欢那种音乐。I agree to none of these projects. 我不同意所有这些方案。Neither of the methods is practical. 两种方法都不可行。Neither of us could help laughing. 我们两个都忍不住笑了。Neither of the books is published in England. 这两本书都不是英国出版的。No road is long with good companion. 与良友为伴路遥不觉远。No parking in front of the door. 门前禁止泊车。No reference books are to be taken out of the library. 参考书一律不能拿出图书馆。No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获。Parents have no authority to interfere their children. 父母亲无权干涉他们的孩子。I am never late for my classes. 我上课从不迟到。A constant guest is never welcome. 久住非佳宾，常来不欢迎。I have ne