译林牛津版高中英语选修9教案U3 重点词汇讲解文档格式.docx

1、The girl is always busy with her needle and thread.这个女孩总是忙于针线活。He was defeated in the debate because he lost the thread of his argument.他在辩论中被击败是因为他失去了论证的连续性。拓展（1）作名词时还表示“线状物；线索；脉络；思绪；思路；贯穿的主线”。a thread of hope 一线希望the thread of life 生命线（2）作动词时，表示“穿针线”。thread a needle 穿针thread beads 穿起珠子They threade

2、d carefully along the narrow pass.他们沿着狭窄的小道小心地穿行。4. fundamental adj. 十分重大的；根本的；基础的；基本的课文原句 The French Revolution led to fundamental changes throughout the country. （Page34, Line 7-8）点拨 fundamental在句中作形容词，意为“十分重大的；基本的”。The fundamental cause of his success is his hard work. 他成功的根本原因是他工作努力。拓展 fundament

3、al还可以作名词，“基本原则（或原理），根本法则（或规律）；纲要”。In three days, she had learned the fundamentals of cooking. 三天之内她就学会了烹调的基本知识。5. abolish vt. 废除，废止（法律、制度、习俗等）课文原句 Many of the past ways were abolished, and the people won liberation. （Page34, Line 8）点拨 abolish在句中是动词，意为“废除，废止（法律、制度、习俗等）”。Bad customs and laws ought to

4、be abolished. 不良的习俗和法规应予以废除。Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery in the United States. 亚伯拉罕林肯在美国废除了奴隶制。6. equality 课文原句 Revolutionliberty, equality and fraternity. （Page34, Line 11）点拨 equality 在句中是名词，意为“平等，相等，均等”。In some countries black people do not have equality with white people. 在某些国家黑人没有和白人同等的权利。拓

5、展 （1） equality的动词形式是equal，意为“比得上，等于”。Nobody can equal him in intelligence. 没有人在智力方面能比得上他。比得上比得上Three and five equals eight. 三加五等于八。（2） 形容词形式是equal，意为“相等的，平等的”。Women demand equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。7. salute课文原句 In a salute to the French and their revolution, many countries have chosen to u

6、se the same colours in their flags as the French did. （Page34, Lines 15-16）点拨 salute在句中作名词，意为“敬礼；致敬”。The officers exchanged salutes. 军官们互致敬礼。拓展 salute在句中作动词，意为“致敬；表示敬意”。We salute the flag every day at school. 我们在学校每天向国旗行礼。Shanghai people salute guests and friends from all over the world. 上海人民向海内外宾朋致

7、意。8. rate 课文原句 However, after the French and Indian War, the British raised the tax rates in America to a high level in order to pay for the conflict. （Page34, Lines23-24）点拨 rate在句中是名词，意为“比率；率”。The unemployment rate is rising in that country. 那个国家的失业率正在上升。拓展 （1） rate作名词，还可表示“速度，速率；等级”。The car was go

8、ing at the rate of 60 miles an hour. 汽车以每小时六十英里的速度行驶。She gave her children a first-rate education. 她给她的孩子一流的教育。（2） rate作及物或不及物动词，意为“评估，评价；估价；划分等级”。How do you rate our chances of success? 你估计我们成功的可能性有多大?That hotel doesnt rate five stars at all. 那家旅馆根本够不上五星级。9. object课文原句 When the Americans objected t

9、o this, the British would not compromise, but increased control over their American colonies instead, taking away many of their rights, and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans would obey them. （Page34, Line 24-Page34, Line 27）点拨 object 在句中是不及物动词，意为“不同意；不赞成；反对”，可构成短语obj

10、ect to。No one objected to the plan. 没有人反对这项计划。拓展（1）object也可作及物动词，意为“以为理由反对，反对说”。Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. 母亲反对说，吉米身体虚弱，不可承担那份工作。（2）object可作名词，意为“物体；对象；目的；宾语”。What are those strange objects?那些奇怪的物体是什么?The building is the main object of his interest.他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。Our o

11、bject is to get at the truth.我们的目的是弄清事实真相。10. compromise 课文原句 When the Americans objected to this, the British would not compromise, but increased control over their American colonies instead, taking away many of their rights, and stationing soldiers there in order to make sure that the Americans wo

12、uld obey them. （Page34, Line 24-Page35, Line 27）点拨 compromise 在句中作不及物动词，意为“妥协，折衷，互让，和解”。They found it wiser to compromise with her. 他们觉得与她妥协更明智。拓展（1）compromise可作及物动词，意为“连累，危害”。You will compromise your good name if you associate with these people. 你如果与这些人交往就会损害你的好名声。（2）compromise可作名词，意为“妥协，和解，折衷；连累，危

13、及”。The interior decoration of the house is a compromise between Chinese and foreign styles. 这所房子的内部装饰是中西两式的折衷物。She did it without compromise of her reputation. 她做这事而无损她的名誉。11. submit课文原句 At this, the Americans demanded separation from Britain, and, on 4 July 1776, they declared that they would no lo

14、nger submit to British rule. （Page35, Lines 27-28）点拨 submit在句中作不及物动词，意为“顺从，屈服，投降”，可构成短语submit to。He submitted unwillingly to his mother. 他不情愿地屈服于他母亲。拓展（1）submit作及物动词，意为“使服从，使屈服”，可构成短语submit oneself to。Should a wife submit herself to her husband?妻子应顺从丈夫吗?（2）submit作及物动词，还可表示“呈递，提交”。常用结构是submit sth. to

15、 sb.。He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council. 他将城市发展建议提交市议会。12. date back to 课文原句The flag, which could not be further simplified, is a red band over a white one, and is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century that had nine red and white stripes. （Page 35,

16、 Lines 39-40）点拨 date back to表示“追溯到，始于”。又如：Their friendship dates back to the time when they were children.他们的友谊始于儿时。拓展 date back to通常用一般现在时，只能用于主动语态。还可以换成date from。The old temple dates back to/from the Tang Dynasty.这个旧庙建于唐朝。13. substitute 课文原句 After , the Irish substituted a new flag for the old one

17、. （Page37）点拨 substitute在句中作及物动词，意为“替换，替代”。Home-made parts are being substituted for imported ones. 国产零件取代进口零件。If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute you.你如果不能亲自去，请找人代替你。拓展（1）substitute作不及物动词，意为“替换，替代”。He substitutes as our teacher of English. 他代任我们的英语教师。He substituted for the w

18、orker who was ill. 他顶替了那位生病的工人。（2）substitute作名词，意为“代替人，代替物，代用品”，后面常接介词for。Is the product a good substitute for sugar?新产品是糖的良好替代品吗?14. bound课文原句 , then you are bound to be disappointed （Page41）点拨 bound在句中是形容词，意为“一定会，很可能会”，构成短语be bound to。The new discovery is bound to be of great service to mankind.这项

19、新发现必定对于人类有大用处。The party is bound to be enjoyable.这次聚会肯定会很愉快。拓展 bound作形容词，还可表示“受约束；有义务；正旅行去（某地）；准备前往（某地）”。She is bound to her family.她被家庭束缚住了。This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.这列火车是从上海开往南京的。15. consistent 课文原句 Colour is a medium for expressing different feelings, but the meaning of differe

20、nt colours is not consistent across different cultures. （Page46, Lines 2-3）点拨 consistent在句中作形容词，意为“一致的，始终如一的；连续的，持续的”。常用be consistent with表示“与一致，相符合”。He remained consistent in his opposition to anything new. 他始终反对一切新事物。Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. 你的行为和你所说的不一致。（二）词汇拓展训练一、单项填空。1.

21、 I was unwilling to _ myself to his orders.A. give in B. devote C. submit D. adapt2. Its so hot!Well, it _. I just took it out of the oven.A. was bound being B. bound to be C. was bound to be D. bound being3. Vitamins should not be used as a（an） _ for a healthy diet. A. substitute B. alternative C.

22、imitation D. representation4. His landlady gave him a weeks _ to leave the flat. A. threat B. notice C. advice D. caution5. Five hundred troops were sent in, more as a _ gesture than as a real threat.A. real B. ideal C. facial D. symbolic6. The magician picked several persons _ from the audience and

23、 asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accident B. on occasion C. at random D. on an average7. Bush, 59, looked fresh and _ as he _ of the sunny weather to enjoy one of his favorite pastimes. A. energetic; took advantage B. cautious; took charge C. trustworthy; took control D. outspoken;

24、 took notice8. We knew that he had failed the exam from his _ look.A. disappointing B. disappoints C. disappointed D. disappoint9. His finger was cut off when he caught it in a machine, but the surgeon was able to _ it back on. A. sew B. cure C. treat D. operate 10. He survived the accident, but his

25、 car was damaged beyond repair, so he had to _ it.A. accelerate B. accumulate C. abolish D. abandon二、单词拼写。1. The t_ of my kite broke and it flew away.2. It is the differences rather than the s_ that matter between us.3. Soldiers must obey commands u_.4. He was unhappy because of his s_ from his moth

26、er.5. Although honesty is believed to be a virtue, there are still d_ people in our society.6. My family not only gives me much happiness and _ （温暖） but also teaches me how to be a real man.7. I used my drivers license as _ （身份证明）. 8. Thanksgiving was about the Pilgrims, the first _ （移民） in America,

27、 who shared the first harvest with the Indians and gave thanks.9. Word processors are being _ （代替） for typewriters.10. Giving rural and urban children an _ （平等） opportunity to study in cities is a key aspect.三、词组填空。have a bad effect on remind of take the place ofobject to substitute with submit to1. We must _ a new chair _ the broken one.2. The picture _ me _ the days we spent in the faraway countryside.3. If Miss Wang is ill, I will _ her.4. His laziness _ his study.5. The majority of people _ smoking in public.6. If you _