高考英语虚拟语气冲刺三步曲.docx

1、高考英语虚拟语气冲刺三步曲虚拟语气冲刺三步曲根据多年学习、教学和复习的经验，我把虚拟语气复习应试的策略归纳为以下三步。你们通过这三步，即“自主学习”、“合作学习”和 “检测评价”就会对虚拟语气的各种用法清清楚楚，运用自如。一、虚拟语气的十种用法 自主学习 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。为了帮助读者学习运用虚拟语气，提高综合运用英语的能力，笔者参照一些专著，整理归纳了虚拟语气在下面十种句式中的用法。（一） 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟条件句谓语动词构成形式：条件状语从句主句与现在事实相反If +主语+动词过去式(be动词

2、一律用were）主语 + would/should + 动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+动词过去完成式主语 + would/should + have +过去分词与将来事实相反A 谓语动词用过去式B 谓语用were to + 动词原形C 动词用should + 动词原形主语+would/should+动词原形 注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might等代替should, would。 1、表示与现在事实相反： lf l were you，l should study English If he had time，h

3、e would attend the meeting 2、表示与过去事实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 3、表示与将来事实相反： If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. if it were toshould rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off 4、当条件状语从句表示和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它们所表示的时间来调整。例如： If you had followed the doctors

4、 advice，you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) 5、以上句型可以转换成下列形式： 1)从句省略if用倒装句式“werehadshould主语”。例如： Were I in school again1 would work harder. Had you been here earlier，you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come 2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如： Without air，there would b

5、e no living things But for(要不是)the rain we should have a pleasant journey. (二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”，“就好了”，“悔不该”，“但愿”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would(could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“(could)would + have + 过去分词。例如： I wish it were spring all the year round， I wis

6、h you could go with us We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier 2、虚拟语气在动词arrange，command，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，request，require，suggest，recommend等后面的宾语从句中，用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如：We suggested that we (should) have a meeting The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few d

7、ays He demanded that we (should)start right away 【易错提醒】1）与insist相比如果宾语从句的动作已经发生宾语从句的谓语动词不用虚拟语气，如果尚未发生insist的宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anythingWe insisted that she (should)go with us.2）suggest作“暗示”，“表明”解释时其宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The expression on his face suggested that he was angry wit

8、h you.(三)虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句，作advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for sightseeingMy idea is that he(should)do exercises firstHe is working hard for fear that he（should ）fal

9、l behind others. (四)虚拟语气在以as if(as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用。 如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would(might，could)+动词原形”。例如： He looks as if he were an artist He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England It looks as if it might rain， 但as if( as t

10、hough )后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可被设想为真实的。例如： It looks as if our side is going to win (五)虚拟语气用于主语从句 在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如： It is necessary (important，natural，desirable，advisable，strange，appropriate，essential, etc) that she should clean the room every day. It w

11、as a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should have been so careless. It will be desired ( suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon， 在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”，可以省去，但不可换用would，主句所用动词的时态不限。【指点迷津】这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如

12、果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。例如：It is strange that he did not come yesterday It is a pity that you cant swim (六)虚拟语气用于定语从句 这种从句用在“ It is (high)time(that)”句型中。定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或“should+动词原形”来表示（should不能省略），意为“(现在)该”。例如： It is (high) time we left(should leave) It is high time we were going (七)虚拟语气用于引导的感叹句中 If on

13、ly I had taken his advice. 我要是听他的话就好了。 If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鸟就好了。 (八)虚拟语气在If it were not for中的应用此结构，意为“如果没有”，表示同现在事实相反的假设。例如： If it were not for the rain，the crops should(would)die If it had not been for意为“如果当时没有”，表示同过去事实相反假设。例如： If it had not been for your timely help，I would have failed (九

14、)虚拟语气在would rather, would just as soon（宁愿）后接从句的应用 Id rather you paid me now. (从句用过去式指现在) 。 Id rather you painted the wall green next time(从句用过去式指将来)Id rather she hadnt done that(从句用过去完成式指过去)Id just as soon you didnt speak rudely to her.我宁愿你对他说话有礼貌。(从句用过去式指将来) (十)虚拟语气在简单句中的应用 1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，使语气委婉，常

15、出现在日常会话中。例如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late Would you be kind enough to open the door? 2)用于一些习惯表达法中。例如：Would you like a cup of tea? You had better go now 3)用“may+动词原形”表示“祝贺”、“但愿”。may须置于句首。例如： May you be happy!May you succeed! 二、虚拟语气典型错误解析合作学习 1.他如果知道这事的话，他就不会问你了。 误：If he knows it，he couldnt ask you. 正：If he knew it，he couldnt ask you. 【简析】表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语用“过去式（be的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词，用“ would（should，could，might）+动词原形”。 2.如果人们知道很多关于“非典”的情况，就不会那么害怕。误：If people knew much