1、When a firm introduces computers, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers)while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. (77) After the new system has settled down people in non-computer jobs are not always replaced
2、 when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers.The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and
3、of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity,
4、 which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in
5、 the long run.1. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed fromA. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introductionB. their use as part of automated production systemsC. the least possible number of operatorsD. the production system in steelworks2. The underlined word The
6、y (Line 1, Par. 2) refers toA. computersB. jobsC. activitiesD. systems3. According to Paragraph 2, without computersA. human activities could not continueB. there could not be weather forecasting systemsC. many activities would have to change their present formD. banks would not be able to go on wit
7、h check clearing4. According to the passage,what results from the introduction of computers?A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.D. The decrease in staff membe
8、rs may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.5. James Callaghans attitude towards computers can be best described asA. doubtfulB. regretfulC. unfriendlyD. supportivePassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied
9、by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables. (78) It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as
10、 beri-beri. (79) It used to distress large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice. In the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of . At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients w
11、ere fed on polished rice which had the outer huskremoved from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on leftovers (剩饭) from the patients plates,
12、were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens shou
13、ld be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain.Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured even that a lack of some element in the husk might be the cause of the disea
14、se. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.6. A good mixed diet A. normally contains enough vitaminsB. still needs s
15、pecial provision of vitaminsC. is suitable for losing weightD. is composed of fruits and vegetables7. The disease A. kills large numbers of Eastern peoplesB. is a vitamin deficiency (缺乏) diseaseC. is caused by diseased deerD. can be caught from diseased chickens8. The chickens Eijkman noticed in the
16、 hospital yardA. couldnt digest the polished deerB. proved is caused by germsC. were later cooked for the patients foodD. were suffering from 9. According to Eijkman, polished riceA. was cheaper than unpolished riceB. was less nourishing (有营养的) than unpolished riceC. was more nourishing than unpolis
17、hed riceD. cured 10. The chemical substance missing from polished riceA. was vitamin BB. did not affect the chickensC. was named the Eijkman vitaminD. has never been accurately identifiedPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:I hear many parents complain that their teenage ch
18、ildren are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away, from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems .that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents
19、. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are holding one anothers hands for reassurance (放心)。They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason fo
20、r thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (茧) into a larger cocoon.(80) It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a market for teenager
21、s. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of
22、going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. Thats the o
23、nly kind of popularity that really counts.11. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to tell A. readers how to he popular with people aroundB. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselvesC. parents how to control and guide their childrenD. people how to understand and respect eac
24、h oth12. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact most of themA. have much difficulty understanding each otherB. lack confidenceC. dare not cope with any problems aloneD. are very much afraid of getting lost13. Which of the following is NOT
25、 true according to the passage?A. There is no popularity that really counts.B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority.C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same.14. The author thinks
26、 of advertisements as to teenagers.A. inevitableB. influentialC. instructiveD. attractive15. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should .A. differ from others in as many ways as possibleB. become popular with othersC. find his real selfD. rebel against his parents and the populari
27、ty wavePart II Vocabulary and Structure (30 %) In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. The man has a special talent for art and isof a musician.A. anybodyB. anythingC. somebodyD. something17. I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt he can do a good job of it.A. whetherB. whatC. when
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