1、 比 热cal/(gSi2%钢0.1260.3260.060 =7.73(15 C)Ts=1488TL=1497Cr1%钢200.1140.2060.1060.092 =7.84(15 C)TS=1420TL=1520不锈钢(AISI 420)0.2140.1360.0530.0550.0640.069 =7.7(15 C)13.1Cr,0.5NiTS=1399TL=1454(AISI 304)0.1180.1540.0350.0430.0500.0630.0761820Cr,812Ni过共晶灰口铸铁900(0.128)(0.134)(0.140)(0.168)(0.173)0.094 =7.
2、0(15 C)比热相对于普通铸铁共晶灰口铸铁0.1860.1410.1040.036球墨铸铁0.1010.0870.0510.041 =7.1(15 C)比 热cal/(g白口铸铁0.0450.0470.048 =7.57.8(15 C)纯铜6000.0930.9560.9310.8740.803 =8.92TS=TL=1083Cu90%Al10%0.1050.2330.310TS=1030TL=1042Cu70%Zn30%0.1130.1230.2670.3490.3590.367TS=915TL=955 Cu60%Zn40%0.0970.3020.3460.3610.334TS=900TL
3、=905Cu70%Ni30%0.0880.172TS=1170TL=1240Cu60%Ni40%0.056TS=1227TL=1280纯铝5006600.2150.2350.2680.2860.5650.5700.5290.508 s=2.70(15 C)TS=TM=660.2Al-Cu4.5%0.2100.2290.2610.4490.461TS=502TL=638AlMg8%0.2180.2380.2600.2710.1990.3820.431TS=540TL=625纯镁6500.2460.2630.2880.3250.3730.3620.353 s=1.74TL=TS=651Mg94.7
4、Zn4.6 Zr0.7(相当于MC6)5490.2420.2640.3030.3410.2960.3190.324TS=549TL=641Mg90.2Al9Zn0.6Mn0.2(相当于MC2)4680.2910.300TS=468TL=616Inconel X(73Ni,15Cr,7Fe,2.5Ti,1Nb)0.1330.1970.0280.052 s=6.09TS=1395TL=1427耐盐酸镍基合金C0.1530.1670.046TS=1270TL=1305表2 铸型的热物性计算公式No视在物性值计算公式备注1浇注合金:铸铁硅砂干型,呋喃铸型2铸铝干砂,呋喃铸型3铸钢干型4呋喃铸型56橄榄
5、石砂7锆砂8铬砂9硅砂,干型,呋喃铸型600 C以下0.385 0.4940.0058DP0.03790.03W0.0710硅砂,干型 c由No9的公式求得 硅砂,呋喃铸型11硅砂,膨润土7%,水分4%=1.5212=1.7313橄榄石砂,膨润土5.9%,水分3.3 %=1.8314膨润土3.9%,水分 2.1%=2.7815锆砂,膨润土3.8%,水分2.1表3 流动临界固相率 合 金 临界固相率 文 献 备 考Al-Si2.4% Si6.2%Al-Si3%0.660.78084考虑了浓化后决定固相率Al-Cu5.5%Al-Mg13.8%85根据浓度实测值和杠杆定律算出固相率0.850.878
6、6用谢依尔公式算出固相率AC2BAl-Si9%-Cu4%0.5(金属型)0.3(砂型)8789Fe-C0.65%铜0.690.7588没有说明数据的明确依据Al-4.5%Cu0.84(自由凝固)根据实测,Vc=0.032 C/sCu-8%SnCu-8%Sn-0.5%SiCu-8%Sn-2%Fe0.8 0.75 (自由凝固)0.8根据固相率与流过细管道的液体量测出,冷速Vc=0.03 C/s 0.430.44(金属型,型温373 C)根据固相率与流过细管道的液体量测出铸 钢 0.65未说明依据铸钢,不锈钢 0.70表4 部分砂型热物性数据表型 砂 组 成 (cal/s.cm. C)102 C(c
7、al/g C) (g/cm3) 说 明石英砂石 英 砂 0.1391.6581.700515 C900 C,粒度50/100“干 砂”0.1911.500未表明者为常温,下同“湿 砂”0.5031.650石 英 砂0.1120.3630.1910.2811.776 黄 砂0.0670.0821.5801.700 石 英 砂0.0960.3360.120.4560.0720.360.1410.1810.1680.2881.940.1840.1810.2811.7301.6341.4581.6021.6781.46001300 C干燥砂,16.5 C含水4.9%,18.9 C01100,T 锆 锆
8、0.1910.2510.2230.3910.1200.2100.1300.2022.8302.8000900 C铬铁矿砂 铬铁矿砂0.1250.2930.1510.2302.600水玻璃石英砂+5%水玻璃0.6142.583铁浇注法,界面平均1143 C+水玻璃0.165铬镁矿砂+水玻璃0.2030.243钢浇注法石英砂+树脂石英砂+5%酚醛树脂0.1420.20228450 C石英砂+3%7%呋喃树脂0.1610.1370.2020.181.4801.63025550 C石英砂+2%呋喃树脂0.23铝浇注法,666 C石英砂+1.5%呋喃树脂 0.1870.250.261.440.4401.
9、550铁浇注法,1155 C钢浇注法,1155 C石英砂+1.5%树脂0.26200.180.230.180.26铬铁矿砂+1%树脂 0.1610.212.900铬砂+树脂铬砂+1%呋喃树脂 0.230.2620.130.172.880常温1490 C树脂石英砂+6% 水 玻 璃0.2521.4501.5701.3901.610铝浇注法,界面平均660 C铁浇注法,界面平均1155 C钢浇注法,界面平均1490 C表5 典型金属材料的常温密度材 质密度(g/cm3)钢碳素钢高速钢7.807.908.208.80(中碳,铁素体基体)可锻铸铁7.257.27铝合金铝硅合金硬铝ADC102.602.
10、802.71(高碳,铁素体基体)8.807.10铜合金7-3 黄铜6-4 黄铜高强度黄铜8.508.408.30锌合金ZDC26.60镁合金1.80表6典型液体金属的物性值物 性 值低合金铸钢(1600 )普通铸铁(1400 C)纯 铝(700 C)纯 铜(1100 C) 纯 镁液相线温度( C)140015301123113010838516.807.006.506.902.351.901.58比热0.150.220.120.29导热系数40 (纯铁)-100170凝固潜热(J.g-1)251268209268394204230凝固收缩率(%)34-0.80.56.54.2表面张力()170
11、09201300560粘度(mPa.s)581.121.2热辐射系数0.30.45(全辐射系数)(相对0.65 m 的波长)0.1(相对0.66 m的波长)表示所给物性值的温度条件。表7 其它物质的热物性值物质名温度( C)密度 (g/cm3)粘度 (Pa.s),其它cal.g-1. C-1cal.cm-1s-1 C-1干燥空气氮氢汽缸油石 膏石 棉混凝土玻璃纤维砂 岩杉树条硅 砖锆 砖镁 砖渣 20 100 23 500 1000100015000.243.391.00.450.150.20.1950.210.160.170.140.30.416.210-57.64.210-41.410-3
12、3.61.454.5(23)9.64.12.636(1.48.8)1.71.2 =1.0, =0.89, =0.8 =0.81.5 =0.58 =1.92.3 =0.2 =2.2 =0.42 =1.7 =3.7 =2.53CaO35%-SiO245%-Al2O320%CaO50%-SiO235%-Al2O315%表8 铸型内的传热系数No. 比热流量q传热系数h=q/(T1-T2) 备 注时间(s)cal/(cm2.s)cal/(cm2.s. C) 0 5 10 3036.146.029.027.00.0140.0340.0310.0190.017C0.035%钢T1=TC(铸片)T2=TM(
13、结晶器)铸造速度=1.08m/min弯曲型扁板连铸机 15 40 50 60 700.0240.018C0.120.16%钢连铸T2=TW(冷却水)铸造速度=0.8m/min22.833.731.624.718.615.3 0.016 0.022 0.021 0.012 0.010同上铸造速度=2.03m/min 4 0.085 0.011 0.091铸铁卧式连铸机 石墨铸型 203 mm同上, 305mm 0.040.06 0.0060.01铝连续铸造 240 300 600 1300 1800 0.0075 0.0067 0.0050 0.0035 0.0026Fe-V2.85%铜铸型(仅
14、单面)真空中 120 360 0.023 0.020 0.018 0.014表面氧化铸铁铸型 1.92.2Al 合金,压铸0.03铝硅合金液体金属流动时(金属型) 0.010.02Al合金,金属型,低压铸造 0.30.4 0.040.07Al, 金属型铸造(涂料50200 m) 0.110.17 0.0040.007铜连续铸造 0.20.40.06(金属型) 0.08 0.056 0.024铸钢/砂型(难以产生空隙时) 420 1200 0.0084 0.0055(容易产生空隙时)表9 合金的密度、潜热合金 s(20 C)(kg/m3) s(Ts)L(kJ/kg)1%Cr钢78402771.5
15、%Mn钢78502%Si钢7730333奥氏体不锈钢77007000294铁素体不锈钢80003040.08%C钢780070300.23%C钢78600.80%C钢69901.20%C钢783069007650(7000)7100(6650)2980(2630)Al Si 7Mg2680(2360)Cu-30Zn8390(7520)Mg-3Al-1Zn-5Mn1850(1690)370Ni-15Cr-7Fe-2.5Ti-Hb-0.9Al-0.7Mn-0.4Si-0.0406087(5400)表10单位换算表 量SI制CGS制工程制,MKH制密 度kg/m3g/cm3力Ndynkgf9.806651059.806651/9.80665压 力Padyn/cm2kgf/cm20.09806651060.9806651.0197210-6热 量
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