美国合同法概述.docx

1、美国合同法概述标签：美国合同法杂谈分类：法规公约条约诉讼仲裁公证CONTENT目录 (共十六章385条) Chapter 1 MEANING OF TERMS第一章合同条款的含义Chapter 2 FORMATION OF CONTRATCTS-PARTIES AND CAPACITY第二章合同的订立当事人与其缔约能力Chapter 3 FORMATION OF CONTRACTS-MUTUAL ASSENT第三章 合同的订立意思表示一致CHAPTER 4 FORMATION OF CONTRACTSCONSIDERATION第四章合同的订立约因CHAPTER 5 THE STATUTE OF

2、 FRAUDS第五章防止欺诈条例CHAPTER 6 MISTAKE第六章错误CHAPTER 7 MISREPRESENTATION, DURESS AND UNDUE INFLUENCE第七章 虚假的意思表示，胁迫以与不当影响CHAPTER 8 UNENFORCEABILITY ON GROUNDS OF PUBLIC POLICY第八章 合同因公共政策而不可执行CHAPTER 9 THE SCOPE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS第九章 合同义务的围CHAPTER 10 PERFORMANCE AND NON-PERFORMANCE第十章合同的履行与不履行CHAPTER

3、 11 IMPRACTICABILITY OF PERFORMANCE ANDFRUSTRATION OF PURPOSE第十一章履行不能和履行目的落空CHAPTER 12 DISCHARGE BY ASSET OR ALTERATION第十二章双方合意或变更合同以解除合同义务CHAPTER 13 JOINT AND SEVERAL PROMISORS AND PROMISEES第十三章连带允诺人和受允诺人CHAPTER 14 CONTRACT BENEFICIARIES第十四章合同受益人CHAPTER 15 ASSGINEMNT AND DELEGATON第十五章合同权利的转让与合同义务的转

4、托CHAPTER 16.REMEDIES第十六章违约救济Chapter 1 MEANING OF TERMS第一章合同条款的含义1. CONTRACT DEFINED 合同定义A contract is a promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes as a duty.合同指的是一个允诺或一组允诺，如果违反此允诺，则法律给与救济；如果其履行了允诺，则法律以某种方式将其

5、视为一项义务。2. PROMISE; PROMISOR; PROMISEE. 允诺；允诺人；受允诺人(1) A promise is a manifestation of intention to act or refrain from acting in a specified way, so made as to justify a promisee in understanding that a commitment has been made.允诺就是以特定方式实施或禁止实施某种行为的意思表示，这种意思表示使受允诺人正当地认为一个允诺已经作出。(2) The person manife

6、sting the intention is the promisor.作出该意思表示的人是允诺人(3) The person to whom the manifestation is addressed is the promisee.该意思表示所指向的人为受允诺人。(4) Where performance will benefits a person other than the promisee, that person is beneficiary.如果该允诺的履行使除受允诺人之外的他人获利，则该人为受益人。3. AGREEMENT DEFINED; BARGAIN DEFINED协

7、议的定义；An agreement is a manifestation of mutual assent on the part of two or more persons. A bargain is an agreement to exchange promises or to exchange a promise for a performance or to exchange performances.交易磋商约定的定义一个协议就是两个或两个以上的人一致的意思表示。一个交易磋商约定是为允诺与允诺之间的交换，或为允诺与义务履行的交换，或为义务履行之间的交换而达成的协议。4. How a

8、 Promise May Be Made 允诺如何作出A promise may be stated in words either oral or written, or may be inferred w holly or partly from conduct.一个允诺可以用口头言词或书面文字作出，也可以完全或部分地从行为中推断而得。5. Terms of Promise, Agreement, or Contract允诺，协议或合同的条件(1) A term of promise or agreement is that portion of the intention or asse

9、nt manifested which relates to a particular matter.允诺或协议的条件就是当事人就特定的事项表示了部分的缔约意图或对缔约的赞同。(2) A term of contract is that portion of the legal relations resulting from the promise or set of promises which relates to a particular matter, whether or not the parties manifest an intention to create those r

10、elations.合同的条件就是由于当事人就特定事项作出了一个或一系列的允诺，由此引起他们之间部分法律关系的存在，不管当事人是否作出意思表示要建立这些法律关系。6. Formal Contracts要式合同The following types of contracts are subject in some respects to special rules that depend on their formal characteristics and differ from those governing contracts in general:下列类型的合同根据其形式上的特征，在某些方

11、面受不同于一般合同规则的法律规则的调整：(1) Contracts under seal, 盖印合同 (2) Recognizances, 保证书(3) Negotiable instruments and documents,.可流通票据和单据（4）Letters of credit信用证7. Voidable contracts可撤消的合同A voidable contract is one where one or more parties have the power, by a manifestation of election to do so, to avoid the lega

12、l relations created by the contract, or by ratification of the contract to extinguish the power of avoidance.如果合同的一方或多方当事人有权通过意思表示，或通过订立一个取消撤消权的合同，撤消该合同已经建立的法律关系，则该合同为可撤消的合同。8. Unenforceable Contracts不能强制执行的合同An unenforceable contract is one for the breach of which neither the remedy of damages nor

13、the remedy of specific performance is available, but which is recognized in some other way as creating a duty of performance, though there has been no ratification.不可强制执行的合同是指这样一种合同，即违反该合同导致损害赔偿救济和强制履行救济均不可适用，但是却被认为是以其他方式创设了并没有获得认可的履行义务。Chapter 2 FORMATION OF CONTRATCTS-PARTIES AND CAPACITY第二章合同的订立当

14、事人与其缔约能力9. Parties Required合同当事人There must be at least two parties to a contract, a promisor and a promisee, but there may be any greater number.合同必须至少有两个当事人，即允诺人和受允诺人，但是也可以有两个以上更多的当事人。10. Multiple Promisors and Promisees of the Same Performance针对同一项履行的多个允诺人和受允诺人(1) Where there are more promisors th

15、an one in a contract, some or all of them may promise the same performance, whether or not there are also promises for separate performances.如果一个合同中有多个允诺人，则部分或全部的允诺人可以就同一项履行作出允诺，不管他们是否就个别的义务履行作出允诺。(2) Where there are more promises than one in a contract, a promise may be made to some or all of them as a unit, whether or not the same or another performance is separately promised to one or more of them.如果一个合同中不只有一个允诺，则部分或全部的允诺人可以一个单位作出允诺，不管一样或另外的履行义务是否被单独地对一个或一个以上的允诺人允诺。