1、他们认为可以借助词典在家自学。如果你认为英语中的每一个词在另一语言中都有完全对等的词,那就错了,反之亦然。通过翻译法来给学生讲解口语的自然形式是不可能的,更不要说做到语音、语调地道了。4现在大量的教学活动还是建立在行为主义心理学的基础之上。行为主义者热衷于让学生复述短语,不断做一些只需更换句中某个词的练习。假如我们是鹦鹉或黑猩猩,那这些方法或许能奏效,可惜我们不是,这似乎让很多理论家引以为憾,否则他们提出的那些方法用起来就会容易得多了。5我个人认为,假如没有兴趣,任何人都不可能学好英语或其它任何语言。与鹦鹉或黑猩猩不同,人类不会无缘无故地发出噪音,除非他们明白这些声音是什么意思,并且能将其与自
2、己的生活联系起来。值得牢记的是:语言是一种交际手段,人们在母语中怎么说怎么写,用另一种语言表达时也大同小异。因此,人们所听所读的不应该是程式化的东西,听的读的材料必须真实自然。6还有一个相关的问题值得一提:在交际时我们需要有交谈或倾听的对象。在学习较生疏的内容时,如果身边的其他学生能和我们在一起学习,一起练习那些陌生的语言形式,用真实的语言去谈论真实的生活,那一定会受益匪浅学会去读书约翰.霍尔特在我曾经任教的一个班上,许多孩子学习起来非常吃力,尤其是阅读。因此我决定不惜任何代价消除他们对书籍的恐惧和厌恶心理,让他们能够多读些书,更勇于尝试。开学后没多久,有一天我对孩子们说:“我要跟你们说说读书
3、的事,也许还没有哪个老师这样对你们讲过。今年我想要你们读许多书,但是我想要你们只需要为了寻求乐趣而读书,我不会提问题去检查你们读懂了没有。如果你们读懂了一点儿,觉得会喜欢这本书,并愿意把它读完,这就够了。我也不会去考你们词语的意思。”“最后,”我继续说道,“你们不要觉得读一本书就得把它读完。先读三、四十页,看看故事情节如何发展。如果你不喜欢书中人物,或者对他们的经历不感兴趣,只管合上书,放到一边,去读另一本。你们读的书是难还是容易、篇幅长还是篇幅短,我都不在意,只要你们喜欢就行。另外,我会写信把我的意思告诉你们的家长,好让他们知道没有必要在家里查问或检查你们的读书情况。孩子们都愣住了,坐着不出
4、声。这真的是老师在说话吗?其中一个女孩,因为功课不好最近才转学到我们学校来,后来我发现她非常有趣、活泼、聪明,在我所有的学生中都算突出的。我讲完后,她盯住我看了很久。然后,她继续看着我,缓慢而严肃地问:“霍尔特先生,你说的话是真的吗?”我也同样严肃地回答:“真的,一点不假。显然,她打算照我说的办。她读的第一本书是瑟斯博士写的格林奇偷走圣诞节,这本书对大多数三年级的学生都不算难,更不要说这个年级的孩子了。有一阵子,她读的都是这个难易度的书。也许她是在消除对阅读的一些困惑,而以前她没时间去做,因为老师总是催促她看这个年级“该看的书”。她在这个班上学习了大概六周后,我们成了好朋友。我试探地向她建议:
5、既然她喜欢马,而且骑马的水平还不错,她可以读一读玉女神驹。我尽可能委婉地提出这个建议。我只告诉她那是一个关于一个热爱马并常常骑马的女孩的故事;如果她不喜欢读,她可以放回去。她去读了,也许她觉得这本书比她先前读的书要难点,但是她读完了,而且挺喜欢。春季的那一学期,她的表现可真的让我吃惊了。一天,在我们的自习课上我看到她坐在课桌前看书。我瞥了一眼书中的插图就知道这是一本什么书了。我心想:“不可能吧。”我走过去仔细一看,她果然在读白鲸,是配有罗克威尔肯特木刻画的那个版本。我走近她的课桌,这时她抬起头来。我问她:“你真的在看这本书吗?”她说,是的。我又问:“你喜欢这本书吗?”“嗯,是的。这本书很好。”
6、她答道。“你不觉得有些地方很难吗?”我又问道。“有啊,不过,看不懂就跳过去,挑有意思的地方看。”她这样回答。7真正的阅读就该如此。但是上学时,阅读不见得总是有趣或让人喜欢。拿上一本书,钻进去,读有趣的部分,跳过不好的部分,尽可能从书中得到点收获,然后再去读其它书。为什么非要让每个孩子读一样的书,作出同样没有意义的“理解”呢?Listen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the
7、information contained in the listening passage. 1) In this monologue Alberto tells us that _.A) he is interested in language researchB) he is good at Chinese and GermanC) he has a degree in political scienceD) he wants to be a language teacher2) According to Alberto, he is not very good at _ in lear
8、ning foreignlanguages.A) verb tenses B) reading speedC) speaking D) spelling3) To learn a foreign language well, Alberto strongly emphasizes _.A) watching TV in that languageB) reading extensively in that languageC) communicating with native speakersD) reading about the culture of that language4) In
9、 this monologue Alberto talks about all of the following EXCEPT_.A) why he likes to learn foreign languagesB) when he first started learning a new languageC) why learning foreign languages is necessaryD) some helpful ways he finds in learning a new language5) One of the reasons why Alberto learns mu
10、ltiple languages is that _.A) he has a natural talent in learning languagesB) he can study political science in greater depthC) he is attracted by the beauty of different languagesD) he can broaden his mind by knowing more languagesTask Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and
11、fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1) Alberto has started learning English, French , Portuguese and Italian, and he would also love to learn Chinese and German in the near future.2) Alberto is confident that with time and practice he can overcome the difficulties he encounte
12、rs in learning new languages.3) According to Alberto, learning a new language besides ones mother tongue can be useful, especially in a world where distances are shortened and people from different countries communicate with each other more frequently .4) He recommends(推荐)three good ways of language
13、 learning. They are:a. read a lot ;b. watch a lot of television in that language; andc. listen to CDs .5) He also mentions three other things that are helpful for learning a language.They are:a. good dictionaries ;b. vocabulary books;c. the Internet .6) Finally Alberto says learning a language might
14、 seem a little difficult at first , or even strange, but one will get used to it. Though the learning process is long and it never ends, it is also highly enjoyable .Related InformationTask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) Acc
15、ording to Will Pidcroft, the writer of this text, can English be mastered within a very short period of time? Does he provide any evidence to support his view?No, Will Pidcroft doesnt think that English can be mastered within a short period of time. He says that in fact English is not that easy to l
16、earn; otherwise, he wouldnt be working as an English teacher any more as there would be far less demand for trained English teachers.2) Does he support the idea that a language is best learned where it is spoken?Yes, he does.3) What is the belief held by behaviorists in terms of language learning?Be
17、haviorists believe that language learning is a kind of habit formation. So they are fond of making students repeat phrases and do exercises where they continually have to change one word in a sentence. They assume that people learn things very much like parrots and chimpanzees.4) What does Pidcroft
18、say about ones interest in language learning?Pidcroft thinks that interest is a very important factor in language learning. No one can ever learn to speak English or any other language unless he or she is interested in it.5) What distinguishes human beings from parrots and chimpanzees according to P
19、idcroft?Parrots and chimpanzees make noises that are meaningless while the speech sounds human beings make are meaningful and they can relate them to their own lives. In other words, human beings use language to communicate.2 Write down the main idea of each paragraph in the space provided1) Para. 1
20、:Advertisements often give the false impression that learning English is easy and does not need much effort.2) Para. 2:There is no such thing as a good method that suits all students in every situation.3) Para. 3:People used to believe that the only way to learn a language was to spend a lot of time
21、 in a country where it was spoken. The other extreme is that some think that they can learn a foreign language at home relying solely on dictionaries.4) Para. 4:Teaching methods based on the behaviourist theory may not work, as human beings are not parrots or chimpanzees. 5) Para. 5:Interest is the
22、key to learning a language, which is a means of communication.6) Para. 6:To learn a language well, it is important that we have other people to talk to and listen to.Task Two Reading Between the Lines1 Read the following statements and then decide whether each of them is true or false based on the i
23、nformation in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement.1) T In order to catch the attention of potential learners, advertisements usually exaggerate(夸大)the fast pace and great ease of learning English.2) T To be able to read the original works by great w
24、riters can be a motivation for people to learn the language of those great writers.3) F People dont believe what advertisements say about language learning at all.(Lots of people must believe what advertisements say; otherwise, the advertisements would no longer exist.)4) T Each individual teacher m
25、ay have his or her unique way ofteaching a language.5) F The only way to learn a language well is to go and live in acountry where it is spoken.(Living in a country where the target language is spoken has advantages over many other methods.)6) F Learning a language is just like how a parrot imitates
26、 a humanbeing.(Language learning must be meaningful. A parrot, however, makes meaningless noises by imitating human beings.)2 Read the following sentences carefully and discuss in pairs what the author intends to say by the italicized parts.1) But it is difficult for anyone to explain in simple lang
27、uage why one method is better than another, and it is no use pretending that anyone has discovered a perfect way of teaching English in every possible situation. (Para. 2)There is no such thing as the best way of teaching English which suits all situations.2) A large number of theorists seem to thin
28、k it is a pity we arent, because it would make it easier to use their methods. (Para. 4)Many behaviorist theorists wish that human beings were just like parrots or chimpanzees, so that they could use their methods of teaching on human beings with ease.3) Human beings, unlike parrots and chimpanzees,
29、 do not like making noises unless they understand what the noises mean and can relate them to their own lives. (Para. 5)Human beings are not like animals. When they talk, they make speech sounds that are meaningful and relevant to their lives.Task Three Voicing Your Views1)2) Is Chinese as difficult
30、 for a foreigner to learn as English is for a Chinese? Give reasons to support your view.Yes. Chinese is as difficult for a foreigner to learn as English is for a Chinese. But for learners of a foreign language that belongs to the same language family as their mother tongue, some aspects may seem easier. But overall, al
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1