完整版英语阅读理解之细节题Word文档格式.docx

1、1. 文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右；2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。二 题目类型：高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题三 题目特点：1. 无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。2. 每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次排列。如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。主旨大意题和写作目的题一般都安排在第5小题。阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅

2、读行为习惯提高分数技巧：1. 抓好限时训练同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。2. 养成良好的阅读习惯同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想的理解。而且这种方法比默读慢得多，会影响阅读的速度。其次要避免出声阅读。嘴唇随着文字而蠕动或发出细小的声音都会大大地影响阅读速度。还要避免过多地停顿回读。在阅读过程中由于对某个词语或句子不太明白，眼睛过多地重复同一个词语或句子

3、，这样既影响阅读速度，又影响对文章的连贯理解和较好地获取中心意思，而且易使眼睛和大脑疲劳。3. 掌握适当的阅读技巧常见的阅读方法有三种：（1）先文后题。即先把全文读懂，然后做题。这种方法的缺点是阅读的目的性不明确，记住的细节内容未必有用，有用的内容未必记住。答题时仍需到短文中去寻找，实际上等于降低了读速，降低了效率。（2）先题后文。即先读问题，然后带着问题读文章。这种方法的优点是目的明确，在阅读时有所侧重，能节省时间。该法比较适合类似广告性质的阅读理解题。缺点在于由于没有读过短文，不了解文章的主题、细节分布情况，因而不可能很快找到所需信息，有时很有可能断章取义，不利于做推理题和主旨大意题。（3

4、）文题文。即先快速通读全文，对文章形成总体印象，了解全文的题材、主要结构、中心思想、主题段、主题句，然后读问题，明白该文章的考查点，最后，再带着问题跳读文章，寻找与答题内容有关的词句，这样既提高了做题的准确性，又能有效地利用时间。因此，文题文阅读理解方法是多数人采用的，可提高阅读速度的有效方法。4. 积累文化背景知识英语阅读能力的提高不仅需要一定的语言知识，还要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识。这就需要我们通过大量的阅读来积累。我们要拓展知识面，注意社会热点。我们了解的东西越多，知识面越宽，对文章的理解就越容易。5. 注重长难句的理解近几年的高考阅读理解题十分注重借助复杂语境考查考生对语言语法知

5、识综合运用的能力。所选阅读材料中常有大量复杂单句和复合句，以此来增强句子结构的复杂性和语境理解难度。所以，理解长句、复杂句成了考生顺利理解阅读材料，提高阅读速度的关键。一般地说，造成长难句的原因主要有三个方面：（1）修饰语过多；（2）并列成份多；（3）语言结构层次多。在分析长难句时应采用“先缩后扩”的方法。先缩，即首先找出句子的主语、谓语、宾语，这样就抓住了句子的主干，也就从整体上把握了句子的结构。后扩，分析句子主干以外的从句或短语的功能以及和主干的相互关系。例如：非谓语动词的成分是什么，其逻辑主语是哪个，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个，介词短语修饰哪个词，and 连接的是哪些并列成分等等。英

6、语有句谚语Practice makes perfect， 同学们如果能科学训练，持之以恒，阅读水平就会有质的飞跃。第一节：阅读理解之事实细节题分析解读： 事实细节题是阅读理解中最常出现的题型，这类试题旨在考查学生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问，可能只针对文章中的某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节。很多同学在做这种题目时比较喜欢在选项中寻找原文中的句子，但往往照抄原文的句子并不一定是正确选项。做这类题目时，应关注选项和原句的细微差别，选择与原文意思和所问问题都相符的答案。 解题时注意以下两点：1. 用题干或选项中

7、的关键词在文中搜索（寻读）找到题眼，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，这是解题的依据所在。2. 如果题干中含有否定意义的词语，如有not，except等，要特别留心。解题技巧：1. 解题原则：忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。2. 文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题通常是对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。3. 提问的特殊疑问词常有：what，who，which，where，how，why等。4. 事实细节类题目常见的设问方式：（1） Which of the following is true/ not tru

8、e?（2） Which of the following statement is correct according to the passage?（3） All the statements are true except_?（4） Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?（5） The author mentions all of the following except_?（6） Choose the right order of this passage.（7） According to the passage,

9、when （where, why, how, who, etc.）（8） The reason is _?（9） From the passage we know that_?5. 解题要领：仔细阅读材料，寻找答案来源；看准题目要求，避免干扰项；对比相似表达，正确使用排除法。典型例析：一、Wh-疑问词提问题：例1：A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East R

10、iver. Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday. He lifted the little girl out of the water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had

11、dived in after him.Q：Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?A. David Anderson B. A passer-by C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver例2：Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar（美洲狮） saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacked open wi

12、th both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.Q: Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar?A. To get ready to fight. B. To frighten it away.C. To protect the boy. D. To cool down技巧：在题

13、干中寻找线索词，并注意题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中出现的位置。二排序题例：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach（沙滩）in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machi

14、ne was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence（便士） to hire a machine and an attendant（侍者）. When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was

15、 pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stoped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in. In 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right ord

16、er for doing them?a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machinec. Paying 2 pence d. Getting into the bathing machinee. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the waterA. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c分析答案B 题目要求找出利用bathing mac

17、hine游泳的程序，显然，租用一个bathing machine是要先付钱的，所以 c就是第一个动作，下水 f 应该是最后一个动作了。这样用排除法就可以排除 A和 D 项。再看 B和C项，从第一段倒数第三句可知先a后e，故选 B。先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。练一练：When the right mixture of cosmic dust （宇宙尘） comes together near a young star, a planet begins to form slowly, the planet create

18、s its own gravity（重力）. That allows the planet to pull material from the disk of gases and other matter floating around the star and grow. Which of the following shows the right order of a planets formation （形成）？ a, that allows the planet to pull material b, slowly, the planet creates its own gravity

19、 c, matter floating around the star and grow. d, when the right mixture of cosmic dust comes together near a young star Ab, a, c, d B. b, a ,d, c C. d, b, c, a D. d, b, a, c三、计算题Viewing Platform Penguin Plus（+V）More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130people providing closer viewing of the p

20、enguin arrival than the main viewing stands.Adults $25.00 Child $12.50 How much would a couple with one child pay for a closer viewing tour?A. $37.50 B. $62.50 C. $180.00 D. $150.00计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题

21、的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案了。We offer a wide choice of bachelors degrees （学位） for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: degwaikato.ac

22、.nz.Tuition Fees（学费）Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tuiwaikato.ac.nz.Accommodation（住宿）You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a

23、 month for one person. For further information: accwaikato. ac.nzHealthThe Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctors and nurses to meet your medical needs. For further information

24、: healwaikato.ac.nz.SportsThe Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a large number of sp

25、orts clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷） You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000分析B此题为计算题。我们从所选的这些事实来看，文章中所说的Tuition Fees 每年需要from $5,000 to $6,000，而a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost abou

26、t $100 a month，一年需要$1200,另外的other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person经过计算可以知道一年需要$1800，加起来一年至少需要$8000。四、判断正误题例. In our classroom，we work in various waysThe pupils often work in groups. This gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate，to share，and to develop leadership skil

27、ls. They also learn how to deal with problems as well as learning how to think，to make decisions，to analyze and evaluate，and to communicate effectivelyThe pupils learn from each other as well as their teachers Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in this paragraph?A. Group work gives pupils the o

28、pportunity to learn to work together with others.B. Pupils also learn to develop their thinging abilities.C. Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable（能干的） organizers.D. Pupils also learn how to take part in teaching activities 1.审题: 确定选正/误。2. 定位：查找原文中与选项内容相关的词句 3. 三误一正：

29、对原文同义表达的为正确答案.如果定位困难,可以运用排除法，这样找到答案的可能性就会增加。4.为节省时间,通常找到答案就不再考虑其他选项。Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin w

30、ithin hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. which of the following statements is not true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.B. Food poisoning means death. 以偏概全C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious. 总结：细节题的正确选项通常有以下特征：1. 再现原文。2. 对原文进行改写。3. 对原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化 4. 正话反说、无中生有（适用于三正一误的是非题）细节题的干扰项特点：1. 是原文，但不是题目要求的内容。2. 偷换概念,使选项看似原文再现。3.根据读者主观想象或推测得出结论，而文中无涉及。细节题解题思路：1. 通读全文 2. 认真审题3. 搜读定位4. 确定答案 实战演练：AA doctor was once teaching a class of medical students at a famous hospital in Edinburgh. An injured man was b