第12课 动名词 2Word文件下载.docx

1、 Smoking is not allowed in the classroom. 教室里不许吸烟。（泛指） It is not good for you to smoke. 吸烟对你身体不好。（具体） It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶洒了，哭也没用。（覆水难收）（谚语） To win（winning）or to lose（losing）is temporary, but friendship lasts.胜败是暂时的，友谊天长地久。（既可表示泛指也可表示具体）第一句教室里不许抽烟，说的一个概念。用动名词好一些。第二句具体到对某人吸烟的行为，用不定

2、式好一些。第三句no use后面习惯用doing，而不用不定式。第四句如果说话的人只是泛指可以用动名词，如果是指具体的某一场比赛则可用不定式。1Once your business becomes international, _constantly will be part of your life. A. you fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying1D动名词做主语 动名词做表语 My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。 What he likes is watching TV after supper. 他喜欢晚饭

3、后看电视。Educationnotthefillingofpail,butlightingfire. -WilliamButlerYeats,Irishpoet 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 -爱尔兰诗人叶芝 .B.W. 注：做表语时动名词与不定式的区别同它们做主语的区别相同。 动名词做介词宾语 Try a horse by riding it; try a man by associating with him. 试马要骑马，试人要交人。 Without climbing mountains, no one can know the height of heaven. 不登高山，不知

4、天高；不临深渊，不知地厚。Lovedoesconsistingazingateachotherlookingoutward togethersamedirection. -AntoineSaintExupery,novelist,essayistandpilot 爱情不在于相互凝视，而在于共同往外朝一个方向看。-法国小说家、散文家、飞行员圣埃格楚佩里 .A. 1I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you

5、 know not D. letting not you know1B 介词后跟动名词。但应记住，介词后的动名词否定用“not”不用 “no”。let的用法是 let sb do sth. do 前应省略不定式。2One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct2B并列两个动名词 动名词做定语动名词做定语完全是一种习惯性的词组。比如：a swimming pool spelling mistakes a reading room 动名词做

6、宾语1、 什么动词后面跟动名词，什么动词后跟不定式或两者都可以，完全是英语语言习惯，必须死记硬背。下列动词后只能用动名词。mind, finish, enjoy, require, delay, postpone, practice, avoid, consider, deny, give up, put off, advise, favor, encourage, imagine等。 I first considered writing to him, but then decided to speak to him face to face. 起初我想写信给他，但后来我决定还是当面跟他讲。

7、 In some countries, people favor staying together even though there is much more space. 在一些国家，尽管有很多空地，人们还是愿意住在一起。 Naturalabilitiesarenaturalplantsthatneedpruning（修剪）bystudy. -FrancisBacon,Britishphilosopher 天生的才干如同天生的植物一样，需要靠学习来修剪。-英国哲学家 培根 .F. 2、 like, love, hate, begin, start等动词后即可用不定式也可以用动名词。它们之间

8、的区别与做主语和表语时一样。有时界限并不十分明显，可以换用。 He doesnt like seeing films.（泛指） He doesnt like to see this film. 我不喜欢看这个电影。 I hate smoking. 我讨厌吸烟。（泛指对吸烟的行为讨厌） I hate to smoke. 我不爱吸烟。（具体指我不喜欢吸烟）3、 在下列动词后可以跟不定式，也可以跟动名词，但意思大不相同。stop I stopped smoking last year. 去年我就不吸烟了。 Lets stop to have cigarettes to calm our nerves

9、. 我们停下来，吸支烟定定神儿。 help He cant help crying. 他情不自禁哭起来。 I cant help to clean the room. 我不能帮着打扫房间。remember I dont remember borrowing money from you. 我不记得向你借过钱。 Remember to close the window when you leave. 别忘了离开时把窗子关上。forget I forget seeing him before. 我忘了我见过他。 Dont forget to take the raincoat with you.

10、别忘了带着雨衣。try We will try to win the match. 我们将努力打赢这场比赛。 Try calling her again. She may come back. 试着再给她打个电话。她也许回来了。3I usually go there by train. -Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going（“D”是正确的）regret I regret not studying English hard. 我后悔没有努力学英语

11、。（regret懊悔，studying表示发生在谓语动作之前。） I regret to say I cant go to see the film with you. 我很抱歉不能和你一起去看电影。（regret抱歉，to say是指现在。1You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done1D regret doing sth （或 having done sth

12、）=后悔做。Regret to do sth=抱歉或者遗憾做。该句用well表示转折。现在后悔了。所以要用D。 propose I propose to go there by air. 我打算坐飞机去。（propose打算，go there指自己去。 He proposes going there by air. 他建议坐飞机去。（propose建议；going there是泛指；不见得是他本人。 动名词的逻辑主语动名词接近名词，所以当动名词的动作的发出者和句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加所有格以表明动名词动作的发出者。 Do you mind opening the window? 你不

13、介意把窗子打开吧？（mind和open这两个动词做的发出者都是you。 Do you mind my smoking here？ 你不介意我在这吸烟吧？mind的主语是you，而吸烟的动作发出者却是“我”，所以要在smoking前加my，以表示smoking的动作是谁发出的。 I hate Toms singing. 我讨厌听汤姆唱歌。1I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A .you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling1C注意appreciate后面应接动名词doing so

14、mething.动名词前如果有逻辑主语，应用所有格。 动名词的时态一般完成doinghaving done动名词的完成时实际应用较少，在大多数情况下，用于做宾语，而且动名词已经表示一个已发生的动作。完成时不过是进一步强调动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 I dont remember seeing her before. I dont remember having seen her before.两句区别不大，第二句更加强调时间关系。 动名词的语态动名词的被动语态的构成是being done，当动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。被动完成时被动being donehaving be

15、en done He came to the party without being invited. 没有邀请他，他就来参加聚会了。 She is glad at having been awarded a medal. 被授予一枚奖章，她感到很高兴。（完成被动用于强调动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前）Hewhofearsbeingconqueredsuredefeat. -BonaparteNapoleon,emperor 怕吃败仗的人必然要打败仗。 -法国皇帝拿跛仑 .B. 1What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in

16、the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed2Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited3While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into

17、 buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded3C cant help doing 表示不由自主、情不自禁。这里表达的是被动所以用doing 的被动being done.在need, want, clean, require, to be worth等词后面跟动名词时，一般不用被动，用不定式需用被动。 The TV set needs repairing. The TV set needs to be repaired. 电视需要修理

18、了。 If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. 如果一件事值得做，就应该把它做好。 A clean hand wants no washing. 干净的手用不着洗，廉洁的人不需自我表白。课堂练习1. *A king without learning is but a crowned ass.国王没有学识不过是一匹戴着王冠的蠢驴 2. *Lying and stealing are next door neighbors.说谎和盗窃是近邻。4. *It is good fishing in troubled waters.混水好摸鱼。5

19、. It has been said that everyone lives by selling something. In the light of（依照，按照）this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers（哲学家）by selling wisdom（智慧）and priests牧师 by selling spiritual comfort.据说每个人都靠卖东西活着。依照这一观点，老师卖知识，哲学家卖智慧，而牧师出卖精神安慰。重要提示动名词用法非常接近不定式，它们的区别主要在于，动名词更接近于名词，所以，它

20、不能做状语。练习及答案练习非常重要，是检查你是否理解的重要手段，也是高考拿高分的不可缺少的一环。请在下载区下载!阅读与欣赏Whengoinggetstough,toughgetgoing. -SeebohmCaroline,艰难之路，唯勇者行。 -英国作家 卡罗琳 .S. Thesuccessnothingmorethandoingwellwhateveryoudothoughtfame. -HenryWadsworthLongfellow,American成功就是好好工作而不计较名利。 -美国诗人 朗费罗 .H.W. Amotherpersontoleanonmakeleaning unne

21、cessary. -D.C.Fisher,femalenovelist 母亲不是赖以依靠的人，而是使依靠成为不必要的人。-美国女小说家菲席尔 .D.C. Nomanreallybecomesfooluntilhestopsaskingquestions. -CarlesProteusSteinmetsz,Germanscientist 只要一个人还没有停止问问题，他就还不是真正的傻瓜。-德国科学家施泰因梅茨 .P. Theretwowaysrisingworld,eitheryourown industryorfollyothers. -JeanDeBruyere,moralist 成功之路有

22、两条：靠自己的努力或靠他人的愚蠢。-法国道德家 拉布吕耶尔 .J.D. There is the greatest practical benefit in making a few failures early in life.-THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY一个人最宝贵和最实际的财富莫过于在他年轻时犯过的一些错误。In this world there are only two tragedies（悲剧）. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it. -OSCAR WILDE在这个世界上，只有两种悲剧：一种是一个人不得不到他想要的东西；另一种是一个人得到了他想要的东西。Gift like genius, I often think only means an infinite capacity for taking pains -JAQNE ELLICE HOPKINS,我认为天赋和天才一样，只是意味着承受痛苦的高超能力。Man is the only animal that knows nothing, and can learn nothing without being taught. -PLINY THE ELDER人是惟一没人教就什么也不知道，什么也学不会的动物。