课标通用高考英语一轮复习专题10定语从句教学案Word文件下载.docx

1、（4）whose的用法whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。（5）as的用法as作关系代词既可指人也可指物，在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于such.as., the same.as., as.as.结构中。另外，as也可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子。Such machines a

2、s are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”重难点1限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况（1）先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, something, everything, nothing, none, the one等或被不定代词修饰时。I refuse to accept the blame for s

3、omething_that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。（2）当先行词被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。This is the_very person that Im waiting for.这正是我在等的那个人。（3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the_most_interesting film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。（4）当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。What is

4、 the_first American film that you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the_things_and_persons_that they are talking about?你知道他们在谈论什么人和什么事情吗？2当先行词指物时，定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which,_of course, made th

5、e others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子都要好，这当然让他们对他很嫉妒。（2）当定语从句中的介词提前时，只用which, 不用that。This is the school in_which I once studied.这是我曾经读过书的学校。3关系代词which与as的区别（1）as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。As we know, China is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China, as we know, i

6、s famous for its Four Great Inventions./China is famous for its Four Great Inventions, as we know.众所周知，中国因四大发明而闻名。It was raining heavily, which kept us indoors.雨下得很大，我们出不了门了。（2）as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如as is known, as was said, as is reported等。如果从句中的行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。She has been absent again,

7、as is expected.她又缺席了，这在预料之中。Tom has made great progress, which makes me very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使我很高兴。 特别提醒as常用在下列习惯用语中：as everybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样as often happens正如经常发生的那样as has been said before正如以前所说的那样as is mentioned above正如上面提到的as is often the case情况往往是这样（3）在限制性定语从句

8、中当先行词被the same, such修饰时，其后的定语从句用as来引导而不用which，关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。（as作宾语）He is not the_same man as he was.他和过去不同了。（as作表语）考法综述定语从句关系代词的基本用法，尤其是关系代词that, which, who, whose在语篇语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年考查了32次，可见其重要性。命题法考查限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法典例1Id skipped ne

9、arby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.答案that/which句意：我曾与桂林擦身而过，那是游客尽览石灰岩群峰和漓江绿水的梦幻之境，是被中国艺术家在很多绘画作品中描绘的地方。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li R

10、iver，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。典例2China Today attracts a worldwide readership, that shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China._答案第一个thatwhich此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个句子，故用which。【解题法】考查关系代词时的必备知识和一般解题思路（1）首先要了解关系代词的基本用法；who, whom, that先行词为人；that, which先行词为物；whose先行词既可以是

11、人，也可以是物。（2）在语法填空中，考查关系代词是不给提示词的，首先判断先行词是人还是物；其次，确定先行词在定语从句中所作的成分；最后判断是限制性还是非限制性定语从句，最终确定先行词。（3）在短文改错中，除了考查关系代词的基本用法外，还会涉及到that与which的区别，as与which的区别，主要考查关系代词的错用。A单句填空1Or perhaps you are the only one _ is interested in listening to the ballgame.答案who/that分析句子结构知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词one, 指人且在从句中作主语，故填who/tha

12、t。2English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ uses it differently.答案which句意：英语是一种被好几种不同的文化都使用的语言，而且每一种文化使用它的方式也不同。设空处前后两部分之间既没有并列连词也没有从属连词，故后面部分应为定语从句，又因为先行词是cultures，且关系词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，所以填which。3A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abro

13、ad.答案whose句意：从国内市场得到的利润正在下降的公司可以去国外寻找机会。本题考查定语从句。先行词为company，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The companys profits from home markets are declining.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作定语，故填whose。4Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.答案which/that句意：一个月以后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。在本句中，先行词是the sales targets，关系代词在定

14、语从句中作set的宾语，所以填关系代词which/that。5The Greens stayed in Beijing for a week, during _ they visited places of interest here guided by me.答案which先行词为a week，表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用during which引导定语从句。during which相当于when。6Ellen was a painter of birds and nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human s

15、ociety.答案who先行词是a painter，从句中缺少主语，故用who在此引导定语从句。7Take a couple breaths and think of something _ gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.答案that句意：深呼吸几次，然后想一想给你带来快乐的东西。该定语从句中缺主语，先行词为不定代词something。故填that。8Florence in Italy, _ beauty is beyond description, is the city that I

16、 have been dreaming of visiting.意大利的佛罗伦萨市的美丽是用言语难以描述的，它是我一直梦想去旅游的城市。本空需要关系代词引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，因此填whose。9Nelson Mandelas death may, in the short term, unite South Africa in ways _ have never been seen before.答案that/which从语境看，本空需要关系代词引导定语从句修饰ways，并在从句中作主语，表示“以前从来没有人见过的方式”，因此这里用that/which引导定语从句。B单句改错1It i

17、s a truly delightful place, as looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.答案第一个aswhich先行词是place，非限制性定语从句中缺主语，as往往有“正如，就像”的意思，不符合句意。2The number of smokers, which is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.答案whichas根据分析，此处指代的是整个句子，表示“如同，

18、正如”，故用as。3The books on the desk, which covers are shiny, are prizes for us.答案whichwhose先行词为the books，与covers是所属关系，故用whose。4Please send us all the information which you have about the candidate for the position.答案whichthat先行词the information前有all修饰，故用that。5Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for t

19、he poor children, that is quite unexpected.答案thatwhich此处指代前面整个句子，且为非限制性定语从句，故用which。6The whole city, 75% of its factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.答案itswhose此处为定语从句，先行词city与factories and buildings为所属关系，故用whose。7There are two lakes, that cover nearly one thousand square kilometers.答案that

20、which先行词two lakes在定语从句中作主语，且为非限制性定语从句，故用which。8John once talked to his mom about the people and cities which he had visited abroad.答案whichthat先行词为people and cities，既有人又有物，故用that。9.Those which were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.答案whichwho先行词those指代人，且作主语，故用who。10It was often the case, M

21、iss Wang was the first to arrive at the school in the morning.答案ItAs分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，as was often the case，表示“这是常有的事”，故用as。关系副词的基本用法 （1）when的用法when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during.which”结构。Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, when/during_which the audience can buy icecream.在音乐会中

22、间有个休息时间，在此期间观众可以购买冰淇淋。（2）where的用法where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。（限制性定语从句）当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where

23、引导。Its helpful to put children in a situation_where they can see themselves differently.把孩子置于一个能使他们从不同的角度认识自己的环境对他们有益。（3）why的用法why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why/for_which he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？非限制性定语从句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。I had told them the reason

24、, for_which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。先行词相同，关系词不同的情况先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时，虽然先行词一样，但是因为关系词在从句中所作的成分不同，所用关系词也不同。具体分为以下几点：（1）先行词是表示时间的名词时，若关系词在从句中作时间状语，则用when；若作主语、宾语等，则用that或which。试比较：The date that Ill always remember is Oct. 28, 1968.我会一直记得的日子是1968年10月28日。The date when I was born is Oc

25、t. 28, 1968.我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。（2）先行词是表示地点的名词时，若关系词在从句中作地点状语，则用where；This is the place which we visited last week.这是我们上周参观的那个地方。（关系词在从句中作宾语）This is the place where we went last week.这是我们上周去的那个地方。（关系词在从句中作状语）（3）先行词是表示原因的名词reason时，若关系词在从句中作原因状语，则用why；The reason that he told me for his being late is th

26、at he got up late.他告诉我他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。The reason why he was late is that he got up late.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。（4）先行词是way时，若引导词在从句中充当方式状语，引导词用in which，that或省略；若其在从句中充当主语或宾语等成分，引导词用that或which。试比较It must be the way （that/in_which） you write that leads to your ugly handwriting.一定是你写字的方式导致了你难看的书写。The way that/which you came up with at the meeting yesterday is well worth trying.你在昨天的会议上提出的方法很值得一试。（5）先行词是time时，如果time作“次数”讲，应当用关系代词that来引导定语从句；time作“一段时间”讲时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词when或at/in/during which；若关系词在从句中作主语