英语四级重点语法文档格式.docx

1、 （对） He is more clever than his brother. （对） He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。比较 （错） China is larger than any country in Asia. （对） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a pl

2、an than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.可修饰比较级的词1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great de

3、al, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题: 1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.m

4、ore much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier timeD。和more有关的词组1） the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2）

5、 more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3） no more than 与一样，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样He is no less diligent than you.4） more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.二、 虚拟语气非真实条件句1）

6、时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。句型 ： 与现在事实相反 条件从句主句 did/|wereshould（ would） do与过去事实相反 had done should/would have done与将来时态相反 were to do Should do would/shoulddo混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。

7、）虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.特殊的虚拟语气词：（should）+doIt is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略 important重要的 advisable合理的 decided决

8、定的 crucial关键的 appropriate恰当的determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的 adamant坚定不移的natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的 suggested建议urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的

9、vital极其重要的possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点） proposed提议requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以forto do来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。在宾语从句中的应用句型：主语+谓语+that +从句主语+（should）+do从句的在表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，谓语用should +动词原形的结构，should 可以省略。这

10、类动词有：ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定 urge强调，促进vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令） pray请求这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do

11、来达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句用should + do 的结构，should 可以省略。这类名词常见的有：advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性 order命令idea观点，意见preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求 recommendation推荐p

12、lan建议，计划request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告例如：This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。wish的用 真实状况wish后从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形I wi

13、sh I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.-“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”-“Thats all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”I wish

14、 that he werent so lazy. Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.比较if only与only ifonly if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了If only也可用于陈述语气。I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了，就好了。It is （high） time（ that） sb did It is （high

15、） time （that） sb should do sth 和Its time （for sb） to do It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略,表示遭到了某人做某师的时间了。It is time （for sb） to do sth 表示到了做某事的时间了。 It is high time that the children should go to bed. It is time （for us） to finish this class.would （had）rather as soon soon

16、erprefer sb did sth 宁可某人做某 要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。Id rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。I would prefer he didnt stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。I would rather you came tomorrow.I would s

17、ooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。 _ the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If

18、there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案选B。But that she was afraid, she would have said no.（2）连词，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided（倘若），for fear that（唯恐），in order that, on condition that

19、, if only（要是就好了）等。She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.If only I had more money, I could buy a car.（注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。）例如：The fo

20、reign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。（3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.A. were s

21、leeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep选择 B。其它句型由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should（might, would）+动词原形，例如：She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。The bad man was put in the soft-padded ce

22、ll lest he injure himself. if it were not for与现在事实相反， if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：If it had not been for his help（=but for his help）,we would not have succeeded.虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as bri

23、ghtly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。（9）其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等If I were in a movie, then it would

24、 be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱 prevent阻止 fancy 想象，设想finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌

25、resist 抵抗 resume 继续，重新开始 risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对 include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续举例：（1）Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?（2）The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.b. 词组后接doing admit to（允许，承认） prefertobe used to lead todevote oneself to object

26、 tostick to， be busy（in），look forward to（to为介词） Its no goodno use,Its worth, as well as, cant help, be tired of （厌倦） ， be fond of ， be capable of ， be afraid of， be proud of， think of about, hold off（推迟）,put off（推迟）, keep on ， insist on, count on / upon （依靠，指望）,set about, be successful in, good at,t

27、ake up（开始从事，占据） ,give up,burst out,prevent （stopkeep） from作表语Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children. worth 的用法worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.意为值得1. worth： be worth + n 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again.2. worthy：be worthy

28、of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得be worthy to be done 某事值得被做The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth 值得做某事 worth while： It is worth while doing sth It is worth- while to do sth.典型例题1.This book is worth _. A）buying B） to buy C） of buying D） to be bought2.It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A.worthB.worthyC.worth-whileD.worth while 动词不定式不定式作宾语1） 动词+ 不定式 afford（买的起，负担的起） aim appearagree arran