MBA英语语法Word文档格式.docx

1、Do you see anyone over there? （表示状态和感觉的动词通常无进行时） Are you seeing someone off? （词义发生变化） 2. 现在进行时也可表示将来的动作: 它指按人们的计划、安排将要发生的动作或指即将开始的动作。Im leaving for Beijing tomorrow. （表示将来的动作） Imagine Im seeing the Mona Lisa. （表示将来的动作） 3. 现在进行时也可用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。She is always cooking some delicious food for her

2、family. （感情色彩） He is always finding fault with his employees. （感情色彩） 三、现在完成时 现在完成时表示目前已完成的动作或刚刚完成的动作, 也可表示从过去某一刻发生, 现仍延续着的动作或情况。此时态强调动作对现在的影响。The conference has lasted for five days. （已完成的动作） Hes just bought an nuusual taxi. （刚刚完成的动作） 2 MBA英语语法（一） 1. 当句子中出现表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时, 谓语动词一般用现在完成时。 此类状语有up to （

3、till） now, so far, these days, this summer, for（后接一段时间的短语）, since等。 We havent seen each other again since we graduated in 1987. 2. 句中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时主要取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 What did she say about it? I have lived in Nanjing for 15 years. （对现在有影响） 四、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生且一下子就完成的动作, 也可表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强

4、调动作对现在的影响, 只说明过去。 I had a word with Julia this morning. （一下子就完成的动作） He smoked forty cigarettes a day until he gave up. （习惯性的动作） 1. 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用, 如yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等。 2.“used to动词原形”表示“过去常常”而现在已停止的习惯动作。 He used to

5、 work fourteen hours a day. （过去常常） 另外, 注意区别“used to”和“be used to”。后者意为“习惯于”, to为介词, 后跟名词或动名词。She is used to hard work. 她习惯于艰苦工作。 五、过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 也可表示过去某段时间内正在发生或反复发生的动作。 Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me his experiences as a young man. （过去正在发生） Bill was coughing all night

6、long. （过去反复发生） 六、过去完成时 过去成时表示过去某时之前已完成的动作或状况。在时间上, 它属于“过去的过去”。在句中常有明显的参照动作或有表示“到过去某时为止”的时间崐状语。 By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory. 3 MBA英语语法（一） They found that a stream had formed in the field. 七、一般将来时 一般将来时表示某个将来时间会发生的动作或情况, 也可表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性的动作。 He will take part

7、in an important race across the Atlantic. （将来发生） The students will have five English classes per week this term. （将来反复） be going to, be to, be about to等也可表示将来发生的动作, 但它们常常表示打算、计划、安排和即将要发生的动作。will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的动作或情况。 八、将来进行时 将来时间时表示将来某时正在发生或持续的动作。其构成: will+be+动词的现在分词。 Ill be reading this time to

8、morrow. （将来正在进行） Most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.（持续） 九、将来完成时 将来完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作, 它与可用来表示推测。 They will have stayed here for five months next week. （将来完成） By the end of next month, they will have studied twenty passages. （推测） 十、现在完成进行时 现在完成时间时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的

9、动作。此动作或情况可能已停止, 也可能继续下经也可表示刚结束的动作。Ive been working for IBM for 15 years. Ive been waiting for an hour but she still hasnt come. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别是: 前者一般表示已结束的动作或情况, 它强调对现在的影响。后者一般表示仍在进行或刚刚还在进行的动作或情况, 它强调动作的延续性。 I have thought it over. 我已经考虑过这件事了。 I have been thinking it over. 我一直在考虑这件事。 Be carful! Pe

10、ter have been painting the car. 4 MBA英语语法（一） 注意!彼得刚才还在给这部车上油漆。（油漆尚未干）。 Exercies 1 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences: 1. Even if it _ this afternoon, I will go there. A. has rained C. rains B. will rain D. will have rained 2. _ last year and is now earning his living as an ad

11、vertising agent. A. He would heave school C. He had left school B. He left school D. He has left school 3. We _ each other for ten years. A. had known C. have been knowing B. have known D. know 4. They fulfilled the plan earlier than they _ . A. have expected B. expected C. were expecting D. had exp

12、ected 5. Will she finish the work soon? Yes, she _ by next Friday. A. shall finish B. finish C. rains D. will have finished 6. It _ almost every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining 7. My wife _ . A. has forever criticized me B. forever criticizes me C. was for

13、ever criticizing me D. is forever criticizing me 8. He _ in a small workshop, but now he is the head of a big business company. A. used to working B. was used to work C. used to work D. was used to working 9. My grandmother _ rural life. 5 MBA英语语法（一） A. has used to B. used to C. is used to D. uses t

14、o 10. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. has B. had been having C. was having D. have been having 11. Im glad that Peter decided to come to the party because we _ him for several years. A. havent seen B. dont see C. didnt see D. hadnt seen 12. The conference _ a full week by the time it

15、 ends. A. has lasted B. lasts C. will have lasted D. is lasted 13. The computer, working very fast, _ data at the speed of light. A. has handled B. handled C. handling D. handles 14. The sun _ in the east and _ in the wast. A. rise, set B. rises, sets C. rose, set D. is rising, is setting 15. Yester

16、day afternoon Frank Hawkings _ his experience as a young man. A. was telling B. told C. tell D. is telling 第二节 语 态 被动语态常用于下列几种情况: 一、动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day. 二、为了强调动作的承受者 Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb att

17、ack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday. 三、为了修辞的需要 He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. Yesterdayu he visited our university and was welcomed by the President. 提示 1. 除及物动词外, 一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可作用被动态形式, 除个别情况外, 短语动词一般不拆开使用。 This matter will b

18、e dealt with as soon as possible.（短语） 2. 不及物动词（或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词）和表示状态的动词（或短语动词）无被动态形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of,look like等。 The story took place in 1949. 3. 将主动态形式改为被动态形式时如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况, 我们只能将其中之一变成主语, 另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变成

19、主语时, 保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。 I gave my hasband a tie as a birthday pressent. My hasband was given a tie as a birthday present. A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present. Exercises 2 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences: 1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and _

20、B_ with enthusiasm. A. was always listened B. was always listened to C. always was listened D. always listened to 2. He returned a week later and found his house _D_ . A. has broken into B. was broken into C. to be broken into D. has been broken into 3. The United Kingdom _C_ Great Britain and North

21、ern Ireland. A. consisted of B. is consisted of C. consists of D. consist 4. These oranges _B_ nice. （smell feel taste主动形式可表被动） A. are tasted B. taste C. is tasted D. tastes 5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that _D_ . A. was ever built B. has ever built C. has ever been built D. had ever been bu

22、ilt 6. The house suddenly collapsed while it _C_ down. A. was pulled B. pulled C. was being pulled D. had been pulled 7. How do you like your new position?I _B_ . A. dont satisfy B. am not satisfied（状态） C. cant satisfy D. havent satisfied 8. The sixth generation computers, with artificial intelligen

23、ce, _D_ and perfected now. A. developed B. will have been developed C. have developed D. are being developed 9. There are more than fifty proposals _B_ at the conference. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. discussing D. having discussed 10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas _D_

24、today and are being modified by the work of todays scientists. A. are to challenge B. are challenging C. may be challenged D. have been challenged 第三节 虚拟语气 一、虚拟式用于非真实条件句时的构成 If I had time, I would go to the movies with you. If we hadnt made adequate preparations, the conference, wouldnt have been so

25、 successful. If it were to rain tomorrow, the game would be put off. 1. 在非真实条件句中, 有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生,这样的条件句中使用的虚似式称为混合虚拟式。其构成视具体情况而定。If I had taken my raincoat when I came out this morning, I would not be wet now. If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. 2. 引导非真实条件从句的连词

26、if在正式文件中有时可以省去, were, had, should等非行为动词这时应提到从句句首。If I were you, I wouldnt feel sorry. Were I you, I wouldnt feel sorry. 3. 有些句子从表层结构上看无if引导的非真实条件句, 但从深层意思上看是存在的。这种情况下主句动词仍需用虚拟式。这类句子中常出现without（如果没有）, but for（要不是）,otherwise（否则）, but that（若不, 后接一从句）等词或词组。But for your help, they couldnt have succeeded.

27、 要不是你的帮助, 他们就不会取得成功。She wasnt felling well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 她感不舒服。不然她不会那么早就离开会场的。二、虚拟式也可用于其他情况 1. 在its necessary （important, natural, essential, proposed, required, suggested, impossible, strange） that引导的真正的主语从句中动词应用虚拟式, 表示必要、应该、建议、要求、惊讶、不相信等意。Its necessary that

28、 we （should） set out at once. Its proposed that a committee （should） be set up to look into the matter. Its only natural that you should be nervous. 你感到紧张是很自然的。The dentist suggested that she （should） come another day. It is highly important that we （should） combine revolutionary sweep with practicalness. 对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。It is impossible that h