动词不定式to的用法总结Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、I heard her lock the door. 我听见她锁了门。但是，上述状况只是消失在自动句中，在被动句中必需带上to。He was noticed to enter the office. 有人观察他进了办公室。3、在 make,let,have等使役动词之后作宾语补足语时。She lets us meet her at the bus station. 她要我们去汽车车站接她。Dont make the students do so much homework. 别让同学做那么多的作业。 与感官动词一样，在被动句中的使役动词必需和带to的不定式连用。I was made to tr

2、y it again. 有人要我再试一次。 4、在help后作宾语补足语用的不定式前的小品词to，可带，也可不带。She helped her mother（to）clean the house yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，她关心她母亲打扫屋子。 5、had better后的不定式符号to要省略。We had better start now. 我们最好马上动身。 You had better not talk in class. 你最好别在课堂上说话。6、would rather/sooner,rather/sooner than 后的不定式符号to要省略。We wo

3、uld rather/sooner stay at home. 我们宁可呆在家里。He prefers to drink some water rather/sooner than drink a coffee.他宁可喝些水，也不愿喝一杯咖啡。 7、“Why not ？”结构中，紧随其后的动词不定式不带to。Why not ask the man over there？为什么不那边的这个人？8、当两个或两个以上的不定式连在一起时，只须在第一个不定式前加to，后面的不定式通常省略to。I want you to stand beside me and hold the stick. 我想要你站在

4、我身边扶住这根棍子。He told me to finish my homework and（to）hand it in. 他告知我完成作业并把它交上去。 9、but 和 except跟在“do + anything/nothing/everything”后面时，通常与不带to的不定式连用。I could do nothing but lie down.我别无选择，只能躺下。 My pet dog does everything except speak. 我的宠物狗除了不能说话以外，什么事都会做。2. 动词不定式to的用法其中to作为小品词用，是动词不定式的标志。 I can do it m

5、yself. 我本人干得了。 Will you please close the window? 请你关上窗户，好吗？ He didn 2、在see,watch,notice,look at, listen to, hear,feel等感官动词的后面作宾语补足语时。 Did you see him come out of the hotel just now？ I heard her lock the door. 我听见她锁了门。 但是，上述状况只是消失在自动句中，在被动句中必需带上to。 He was noticed to enter the office. 有人观察他进了办公室。 3、在

6、make,let,have等使役动词之后作宾语补足语时。 She lets us meet her at the bus station. 她要我们去汽车车站接她。 Don I was made to try it again. 有人要我再试一次。 She helped her mother（to）clean the house yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，她关心她母亲打扫屋子。 We had better start now. 我们最好马上动身。 6、would rather/sooner,rather/sooner than 后的不定式符号to要省略。 We wou

7、ld rather/sooner stay at home. 我们宁可呆在家里。 He prefers to drink some water rather/sooner than drink a coffee.他宁可喝些水，也不愿喝一杯咖啡。 Why not ask the man over there? 为什么不那边的这个人？ 8、当两个或两个以上的不定式连在一起时，只须在第一个不定式前加to，后面的不定式通常省略to。 I want you to stand beside me and hold the stick. 我想要你站在我身边扶住这根棍子。 He told me to fini

8、sh my homework and（to）hand it in. 他告知我完成作业并把它交上去。 I could do nothing but lie down.我别无选择，只能躺下。3. 动词不定式的七种用法（八班级常用） 动词不定式的基本形式为to+动词原形.1.动词不定式做主语.谓语用第三人称单数形式.假如主语较长则用it做形式主语，将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.eg To see is to believe.Its a bad habit to run after dinner.2 做表语.the important things is to save lives.3 做宾语he

9、likes to play with children.4做宾语补足语.描述词做宾补时.常用it做形式宾语.把真正的宾语放到宾补之后.he feels it happy to help others.5做定语she asked me to help her with her English.6做状语you are never too old to learn.（结果状语）7特别疑问词+动词不定式.I am thinking about what to say.。4. “动词不定式分类总结”感谢1.todo的动词不定式2.不带to的动词不定 动词不定式：动词不定式的时态和语态1）构成：（以动词“

10、do”为例）自动态：一般式to do；完成式to have done进行式to be doing完成进行式“to have been doing”被动态：to be done完成式“ to have been done否定式：not+不定式2）不定式的时态：不定式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或之后发生.He seems to know her address.（:=It seems that he knows her address.）I hope to see you again.（=I hope that I11 see you again.）不定式的进行体表示的动作

11、正在进行，与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.其用法次要有以下几种状况：a 常用在appear,happen,pretend,seem,hope,promise之后.She pretended to be listening attentively.Tom appeared to be living in this area.I hope to be earning my living in a years time.（I hope 1 will/would be earning my living）I promised to be waiting at the door when he cam

12、e out.b 常用在believe,consider,suppose,think,know,report,say,understand等动词的被动式之后.注“be supposed to”通常含有“应当”意思，表示肯定的责任和义务.You are supposed to know how to use a computer=You should know how to use a computer.Students are not supposed to cook in their dormitory=Students shouldnt cook in their dormitory.zh$

13、O3F1m dYbA 3）不定式的完成体：用于表达发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作或形态，也可以表达估计在将来某一时辰之前完成的动作或形态.I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.（=I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble.）C p&n EI）I.OWere leaving at five oclock in the morning,and hope to have done most of the journey by lunchtime.不定式完成进行体次要用于“appear,seem,

14、happen,pretend等之后，也可用于believe,know,report,say,understand等动词的被动式之后.He appears to have been waiting for a long time.He is believed to have been waiting for a message.注不定式的完成进行体与不定式的完成体略有不同，试比较：He seems to have eaten the apples.（苹果已被吃光.）He seems to have been eating the apples.（苹果尚未完全吃光.）不定式的完成体还可以表达本该发

15、生却未发生的事情常带这种不定式的谓语动词有：“pretend,intend, appear,seem,should like,expect等.I meant to have telephoned you,but I forgot.4）不定式的语态：在不定式之前能找到不定式所表达的动作的执行者时，此不定式用自动态；反之则用被动态试比较：We found the article hard to understand.（“understand”的执行者是“we”.）He is reading the article to be published tomorrow.（“punish之前没有执行者.）

16、类似的还有：It is impossible to get there.在there be结构中，不定式既可以用自动态，又可以用被动态.There is no time to lose/to be lost.（时间紧迫不能耽搁了.前后意义无差别.）习惯上用“to let（出租）”，“to blame（责备）”的自动形式表示被动意义.Tom asked her if she had any rooms to let.（汤姆问她能否有房要出租.）.分词分词既具有动词的一些特征（可以有本人的规律宾语），又具有描述词（可以作定语、表语、宾补、主补）和副词（状语）的特征.（1）分词的时态和语态1）构成：

17、（以动词“do”为例）现在分词的构成（V-ing）：自动态：一般式（doing）；完成式（having done）被动态：一般式“being done；完成式（having been done）否定式：一般式（not doing/not being done）；完成式（not having done/not having been done）注“V-ing”分词的被动态结构表示它的规律主语是V-ing分词所表示的动作的承受者.Having been invited to speak.Ill start making preparations this evening.过去分词的构成（V-ed）

18、：中国雅思网D1Hx0gH（G QiO只要一种形式（done），表示被动意义已完成了的动作或形态.1Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.2）时态（只要现在分词才有时态形式的变化）：现在分词的一般式表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.He came to visit me,bringing his girl friend with him.Hearing the good news,she burst into laughing.现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词

19、表示的动作之前，常用作状语.Having finished her homework,she went to bed.动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征（允许有本人的宾语），又具出名词的一些特征（可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等）.动名词的时态与语态1）构成：与分词的构成相同2）时态：动名词的完成式表示其动作先于谓语动词的动作.They regret not having taken your advice.动名词的一般式也可表示一个先于谓语动词的动作.I remember seeing a film.动名词的被动语态表示它的规律主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者.He dislikes bein

20、g interrupted during his study.动名词的被动态有本人的规律主语.He was so surprised at being discovered that he didnt even try to run away.。5. 高考中动词不定式用法总结 动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语可位于句首。To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。It is necessary for young stude

21、nts to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It is+adj./ n. （+for sb./sth.） + to do sth.用于此句型的描述词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job. It

22、was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1:Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? （88 MET） A. now B. man C. that D. it 用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonde

23、rful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的描述词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel

24、 at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。Your job is to type the papers in t

25、he office.The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作宾语 常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。They decided to build a highway between these two cities.She offered to help

26、me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, t

27、ell, want, wish, watch等。 The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名高校生。

28、The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证明他是小偷。 hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。【误】I hope my son to be back soon.【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we （should） have a discussion

29、 about it.在自动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）“三使”（make, let, have）“两听”（hear, listen to）“一感觉”（feel）。Who made him work all night long？但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。He was seen to break the window.五、作定语 动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。Have you got anything to eat? （to eat修饰anything，位于其后） 下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance,