1、乾以易知,坤以简能。易则易知,简则易从。易知则有亲,易从则有功。有亲则可久,有功则可大。可久则贤人之德,可大则贤人之业。易简,而天下之理得矣;天下之理得,而成位乎其中矣。哈哈哈!上 集 轻松搞定LFS第一章 启 动到www.linuxfromscratch.org下载LiveCD,刻成光盘。俺青铜镜当时下载的LiveCD的版本号是6.2-1。不同版本号的LiveCD是有区别的。请各位看官注意!将LFS的LiveCD放将光驱,从光驱启动,将会看到以下按系列号顺序出现的步骤:01.01boot:按F1将会出现帮助画面。可以设置显示屏的显示配置:引用:795=1280*1024*24794=1280
2、*1024*16792=1024*768*24791=1024*768*16789=800*600*24788=800*600*16 可以在boot后输入linux vga=792或是其他数字以设置屏幕显示的配置。也可以输入TZ=Asia/Shanghai 设置时区。01.02Configure System Clock配置系统时钟02.01 Asia/Shanghai02.02 localtime01.03Regional settingChoose your locale中文有以下各项:03.01 Chinese Traditional BIG503.02 Chinese Traditio
3、nal UTF803.03 Chinese Traditional EUC-TW03.04 Chinese Simplified GB231203.05 Chinese Simplified GB1803003.06 Chinese Simplified GBK03.07 Chinese Simplified UTF-8 俺青铜镜选的是Chinese Simplified UTF-8这一项。这样,当LiveCD启动startx以后,X的界面就是中文的,很清爽啊!01.04Configrm/edit Setting这里显示默认的自动配置是:locale: zh_CN.UTF8Console ke
4、ymap: defkeymapConsole font: default8*16autoconverted from charset:X keymap: us 01.05Press Enter to activate this virtual console出现以上提示时,按回车进入控制台。至此,LiveCD算是正式启动完成了。01.06进入控制台以后,先对硬盘进行分区,输入cfdisk命令进行分区。具体的分区方法很简单,这里就省了。以下是我的分区:Name PartType FS Type Size(MB) hda1 Primary linux ext3 3960.95hda2 Primar
5、y linux swap/solaris 403.04 01.07格式化分区:mke2fs -jv /dev/hda1 (这是俺的硬盘分区设备号,俺只分一个区,后面fstab文件要用到!)格式化交换分区,同时启动它:mkswap /dev/hda2swapon /dev/hda2 01.08启动X,进入的是XFce桌面管理器:startx01.09Xfce的下面是控制台,控制台有“终端防真程序”,点击一下,启动它。还有一部手册,图标是一个救生圈。打开手册后,将地址指到: /usr/share/LFS-BOOK-6.2-HTML找到indel.html,打开LFS手册。这样,你就可以一边看着手册
6、,一边输入命令了。 哈哈哈。青铜镜的意见和建议:一般情况下,如果命令相对比较短而且容易记住,推荐用手工输入;如果命令比较长而且复杂,甚至是容易出错的,建议用复制的方 法输入命令!要不到了最后系统收工时,因为其中的命令出错而让人前功尽弃,那才是让人不爽!比如下面这条命令:GCC_INCLUDEDIR=dirname $(gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)/include &find $GCC_INCLUDEDIR/* -maxdepth 0 -xtype d -exec rm -rvf ; &rm -vf grep -l DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE $GCC
7、_INCLUDEDIR/* &unset GCC_INCLUDEDIR 飞豹大侠的作法是,不管命令长短,一般都是手工输入太长的,用脚工,据说是佛山无影脚。哈哈哈。对于飞豹大侠过于个性化或是偏执的行为, 青铜镜的看法是:不支持、不赞成、不提倡、不反对、不关注。反正是萝卜青菜,各有所爱嘛,更何况LFS是个性化很强的东西,飞豹大侠爱咋折腾,我们只管看 热闹就是了。没事还可以冲他泼冷水,恶搞一下下也好。据唐师父所掌握的可靠消息,近来江湖人才紧缺啊!为了缓解江湖人才紧缺的问题,飞豹大侠作出了一个伟大的、具有划时代意义的决定:他准备要出书了!此乃青 铜镜的独家新闻!希望广大LINUX粉丝支持飞豹大侠具有里
8、程碑意义的决定!有部戏叫做拿什么来拯救你,我的爱人,青铜镜想来想去,正确的答案是: 钱!当然是得拿钱!我们要支持飞豹大侠,当然得拿出点钱意来呀!为此,青铜镜决定赞助飞豹大侠人民币一块钱,一块钱可以买一个葱油大饼,当飞豹大侠写书到 半夜时,肚子饿了,可以买一个葱油大饼吃!当然,要是飞豹大侠拿青铜镜赞助的一块钱去买一个鸡蛋的话,那样的话前景就更加美好了:鸡蛋里孵出小鸡,小鸡又 生下一堆鸡蛋,又孵出一群小鸡,子子孙孙生生不息,飞豹大侠就可以开个养鸡场了。呵呵 还有,江湖传闻天花大侠在修炼葵花宝典2007,飞豹大侠您老人家得赶紧写书稿呀,要不等你的书出来时,天花大侠的武功早炼好了,那时天花大侠就可以
9、千秋万载,一统江湖了01.10转到“终端防真程序”,开始LFS的制作历程。剩下的工作,如果你是新手或者是比较懒,只要将手册中的命令选中,然后转到“终端防真程序”里面粘贴、回车就行了。第二章 配 置青铜镜下载的LiveCD是6.2-1版本的,LiveCD中的jhalfs是1.0,这个jhalfs-1.0比较爽啊,只要稍做配置一下,就可以让电 脑自动给俺们编译LFS了,实在是方便呀!当然,也有人反对说,我们做LFS的目的就是学习,还是手工输入一条一条命令比较好。其实青铜镜在前面说过了, 俺想简单、快速、有效地完成从LFS到BLFS的艰巨任务,俺要学习LFS,俺已将LFS的手册打印出来了,拿在手上,
10、天天都可以拜读,当然啦,俺这也是 一种学习方法,你要一条一条命令输入,青铜镜坚决不拦着你,还在精神上支持你哦!我佛慈悲!大伙要爱惜身体呀! 02.01创建分区好了以后挂载目录export LFS=/mnt/lfsmkdir -pv $LFSmount -v -t ext3 /dev/hda1 $LFS (各位看官,请注意自己的分区设备号) 02.02配置jhalfs文件。点开“终端防真程序”,当前的目录就是root,里面就有jhalfs-1.0这个文件夹,先进入jhalfs-1.0这目录在里面编辑配置文件。02.02.01修改LFS/config,输入命令:cd jhalfs-1.0vi LF
11、S/config下面是LFS/config文件的全部内容及编辑说明:# Configuration file for the LFS module# $Id: config 2822 2006-07-16 10:06:03Z manuel $#- Location of fstab file (if empty, a template is created)FSTAB= (注:留空!我们也可以先将fstab写好以后,放到指定位置并在这里填上fstab的路径。#- Fully qualified path to a kernel config file# If no config file is
12、 specified the kernel is NOT compiledCONFIG= (注:我们也可以先行将编译内核的.config放到指定位置并在这里填上路径。# Get the kernel package and patches even if no configutation file# has been supplied? 0(no)/1(yes)GETKERNEL=1 (注:修改这里,将原来的0改为1)#- Books sources directory# If you have previously checked out the book from the reposito
13、ryBOOK=/usr/share/LFS-BOOK-6.2-XML(注:这里原来是空的,将手册的路径写到这里!#= INTERNAL VARIABLES =# Dont edit it unless you know what you are doing#- Extra files that need be copied to $JHALFSDIRFILES=#- Default stylesheetXSL=lfs.xsl#- Book versionLFSVRS=developmentTREE=trunk/BOOK#- Name of the makefileMKFILE=$JHALFSD
14、IR/Makefile 修改好上面的配置以后,保存退出。(唐师父说:按esc键,接着输入冒号:,在冒号后面输入wq,回车退去。02.02.02修改common/config,输入命令:vi common/config下面是common/config文件的全部内容及编辑说明:# common configuration file config 2799 2006-06-20 23:43:07Z georgeb $declare -r SVN=svn:/svn.linuxfromscratch.orgdeclare -r LOG=000-masterscript.log#- Mount point
15、 for the buildBUILDDIR=/mnt/lfs (注:这里原来是build_dir,改为lfs。# Create SBU and disk usage report 0(no)/1(yes)# NOTE: requires to have bc installed on the hostREPORT=1#= Getting packages =# Files will be retrieved from the local archive SRC_ARCHIVE# (if defined) or the net and will be stored in $BUILDDIR/s
16、ources#- Download the source packages 0(no)/1(yes)GETPKG=0#- The local repository for packages/file# Used only if GETPKG = 1# Any missing file will be downloaded and archived here,# if the user has the right priviledges.SRC_ARCHIVE=$SRC_ARCHIVE# - Server used if the file isnt found in SRC_ARCHIVE.#
17、As a last resort, the file will dowloaded from upstream, if possible.SERVER=ftp:/ftp.lfs-#= Build options =#- Automatically run the makefile once it has been created 0(no)/1(yes)RUNMAKE=0#- Optimize the build 0-2# 0 = no optimization# 1 = optimize final system only# 2 = optimize both temporary tools
18、 and final system# Optimization values are set in optimize/* filesOPTIMIZE=0#- Run test suites 0-3# 0 = none# 1 = only chapter06 Glibc, GCC and Binutils testsuites# 2 = all chapter06 testsuites# 3 = all chapter05 and chapter06 testsuites# (in CLFS, alias to 2)TEST=1(如果在编译安装过程中你需要测试,那么这里不用修改。俺从来都不tes
19、t,因此俺将这里修改为0。#- Run the stripping phases 0(no)/1(yes)STRIP=1#- page definition for groff letter/A4PAGE=letter (我国公文习惯使用的纸张尺寸标准是A4,这里改为A4。#- set default timezone.TIMEZONE=$TZ:-GMT(注:这里是时区。青铜镜一直填写Asia/Shanghai,晨想姐姐推荐我们中华人民共和国的时区。#- install the optional vim-lang package 0(no)/1(yes)VIMLANG=1#- Language
20、 information in /etc/profile See for valuesLANG=$LANG (注:这里是系统语言。推荐en_US.UTF8。有一次,青铜镜在前面第一章第三小节选的是Chinese Simplified UTF-8这一项,这里没有修改,导致jhalfs运行到第六章的6.45. Man-DB-2.4.3时停止了,没办法,只得手工继续编译安装,很不爽!其实,刚刚装好的LFS都是满屏鸟语的,想汉化,还得到后来装上KDE时才方 便呀!LC_ALL=$LC_ALL # (not used in LFS)#- Include the keymap in the kernel
21、if defined. Path to the# keymap file relative to /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/# (e.g., i386/qwerty/us.map.gz) or none# Not used in LFSKEYMAP=none#= Variables needed by iterative comparison analysis =#- Should some iterative comparison analysis by made?COMPARE=0#- The number of final stage builds to create
22、 and compare, min. 2, max. 5ITERATIONS=3#- Run ICA testing 0(no)/1(yes)RUN_ICA=0#- Run farce testing 0(no)/1(yes)RUN_FARCE=0#- Working directoriesSCRIPT_ROOT=jhalfsJHALFSDIR=$BUILDDIR/$SCRIPT_ROOTLOGDIR=$JHALFSDIR/logsTESTLOGDIR=$JHALFSDIR/test-logs#- File listing package contents (from where packag
23、e sources dir is extracted)PKG_LST=unpacked#- ICA report log directoryICALOGDIR=$LOGDIR/ICA#- farce report log directoryFARCELOGDIR=$LOGDIR/farce 02.03修改optimize/opt_config.d/O3pipe_march,输入命令:vi optimize/opt_config.d/O3pipe_march下面是optimize/opt_config.d/O3pipe_march文件的全部内容: O3pipe_march 2677 2006-0
24、5-11 20:21:14Z manuel $# MODE O3pipe_march configuration# Usage: - Apply optimization string to each variable# - unset will cause the variable to be not set# instead of just set to null.# Use this as an example for modeA_modeB combined modes# Inherit optimizations from O3pipesource optimize/opt_conf
25、ig.d/O3pipeCFLAGS_O3pipe_march=$CFLAGS_O3pipe -march=pentium4CXXFLAGS_O3pipe_march=$CFLAGS_O3pipeLDFLAGS_O3pipe_march=$LDFLAGS_O3pipeOTHER_CFLAGS_O3pipe_march=$CFLAGS_O3pipeOTHER_CXXFLAGS_O3pipe_march=$CXXFLAGS_O3pipeOTHER_LDFLAGS_O3pipe_march=$LDFLAGS_O3pipe 说明:青铜镜的CPU是AMD Althon XP 2000+,俺在这里将-mar
26、ch=pentium4全部改为-march=athlon-xp。02.04设定环境变量,代码:export SRC_ARCHIVE=/lfs-sources配置至此,差不多可以运行jhalfs啦!输入命令export看看一下设置。02.05好戏来了,执行以下命令:time ./lfs -G -M其间系统会有相应的提示,它会问你,你对刚刚的设置是不是很爽啊?爽的鸟语是不是happy?接下来将是考验你耐心的时刻!如果你的机器性能强劲、速度飞快,估计用不了多长时间,你的LFS半成品就可新鲜出炉了。第三章 收 工当你看到屏幕上有这些鸟语时,也就是你的jhalfs打完收工了:-set-up the bo
27、ot loader, except if building CLFS with METHOO=boot, You can set-up the host bootloader or the new boot-loader installed on the new system.If the last, you must to mount the virtual file system, re-enter the chroot and be sure that /dev is populated with the required devices before configure the boot-loader. When ready, exit from the chroot and umount the file systems.If you are an experienced LFS user, several of those s
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