CPUCRule21Recommendationsv5Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、2. Proposed Phase 1 Basic Autonomous I-DER Functions 142.1 Anti-Islanding Protection 142.1.1 Purpose of Anti-Islanding Protection 142.1.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Anti-Islanding 142.1.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 Anti-Islanding Requirements 142.1.4 Proposed Anti-Islanding Requirements for R

2、ule 21 152.1.5 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modifications for Anti-Islanding 152.1.6 Benefits of the Proposed New Anti-Islanding Requirements 152.2 Low/High Voltage Ride-Through （L/HVRT） 152.2.1 Purpose of L/HVRT 152.2.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for L/HVRT 162.2.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 L/HVRT 162

3、.2.4 L/HVRT Function Concepts 162.2.5 Proposed Rule 21 Default Voltage Ride-Through Requirements 172.2.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for L/HVRT 182.2.7 Benefits of the Proposed L/HVRT Requirements 182.3 Low/High Frequency Ride-Through （L/HFRT） 192.3.1 Purpose of L/HFRT 192.3.2 Current Rule 21

4、 Requirements for L/HFRT 192.3.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 L/HFRT 192.3.4 L/HFRT Function Concepts 202.3.5 Proposed Rule 21 Default Frequency Ride-Through Requirements 202.3.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for L/HFRT 232.3.7 Benefits of the Proposed L/HFRT Requirements 232.4 Dynamic Volt/Var

5、Operations 232.4.1 Purpose of Dynamic Volt/Var Operations 232.4.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Dynamic Volt/Var Operations 232.4.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 Dynamic Volt/Var Operations 232.4.4 Dynamic Volt/Var Operations Concepts 242.4.5 Proposed Rule 21 Default Dynamic Volt/Var Operation Requ

6、irements 252.4.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for Dynamic Volt/Var Operations 272.4.7 Benefits of the Proposed Dynamic Volt/Var Operations Requirements 272.5 Ramp Rates 272.5.1 Purpose of Ramp Rates 272.5.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Ramp Rates 282.5.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 on Ramp

7、 Rates 282.5.4 Proposed Ramp Rate Requirements 282.5.5 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification for Ramp Rates 292.5.6 Benefits of the Proposed Ramp Rate Requirements 292.6 Fixed Power Factor 292.6.1 Purpose of Fixed Power Factor （PF） 292.6.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Fixed Power Factor 292.6.3 Iss

8、ues with the Current Rule 21 Requirement for Fixed Power Factor 292.6.4 Fixed Power Factor Concepts 292.6.5 Proposed Fixed Power Factor Requirements 292.6.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modification 302.6.7 Benefits of the Proposed Fixed Power Factor Capability 302.7 Reconnect by “Soft-Start” Methods 302.7

9、.1 Purpose of Reconnection by “Soft-Start” Methods 302.7.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements on Reconnection 302.7.3 Issues with Current Rule 21 on Reconnection 302.7.4 “Soft-Start” Reconnection Concepts 302.7.5 Proposed Rule 21 Reconnection Requirements 312.7.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modifications for “S

10、oft-Start” Reconnection 312.7.7 Benefits of the Proposed “Soft-Start” Reconnection 312.8 Phase 1 I-DER System Parameters and Monitored Points 312.8.1 Phase 1 I-DER Parameters 312.8.2 Nameplate Information 352.8.3 I-DER System Monitored Points 363. Proposed Phase 2 Communications Technologies for I-D

11、ER Functions 383.1 Purpose of Communication Technologies for I-DER functions 383.2 Current Rule 21 Requirements for Communications 383.3 Issues with the Current Rule 21 Lack of Requirements for Communications 383.4 Communication Concepts and Issues 393.4.1 Hierarchical Configuration of I-DER Systems

12、 393.4.2 Communication Alternatives 423.5 Proposed Communication Requirements for Rule 21 433.6 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modifications 443.7 Benefits of Communications with I-DER Systems 444. Proposed Phase 3 Additional I-DER Functions 454.1 Purpose of the Additional I-DER Functions 454.2 Current Rule

13、21 Requirements for Additional I-DER Functions 454.3 Issues with the Current Rule 21 Lack of Additional I-DER Functions 454.4 Proposed Additional I-DER Functions for Rule 21 464.5 Proposed Rule 21 Text Modifications 464.6 Benefits of the Additional I-DER Functions 465. Proposed Test Plan 475.1 Intro

14、duction to the Test Plan for Smart I-DER Systems 475.1.1 Scope and Purpose 475.1.2 Types of Tests 475.1.3 Sources of Testing Requirements 485.2 Implementation Procedures 485.2.1 UL Certification for Pilot and for Commercial I-DER Systems 485.2.2 Permissive Implementation Schedules 495.2.3 Staggered

15、Test groups 495.3 Schedules for Permissive Implementations of Staggered Testing of Smart I-DER Functions 505.3.1 Gantt Chart of Test Plan Implementation Schedule 525.3.2 CPUC-Related Tasks: Review, Comment, and Update CPUC On-Record Documents 535.3.3 Smart Inverter Working Group （SIWG） Tasks 545.3.4

16、 Test group A Phase 1 Autonomous Functions for Larger I-DER Systems 555.3.5 Test group B Phase 1 Autonomous Functions for Smaller I-DER Systems 555.3.6 Test group C Phase 2 Communications Capabilities for I-DER Systems 565.3.7 Test group D Phase 3 Autonomous I-DER Functions 576. Proposed Milestones

17、597. Conclusions 60A. Annex A: Overview of Mandatory, Recommended, Optional I-DER Functions 61A.1 Phase 1: Key Autonomous I-DER Functions 61A.2 Phase 2: Communications Technologies for I-DER Functions 64A.3 Phase 3: I-DER Functions Requiring Communications 65A.4 Phase 3: Additional Autonomous I-DER

18、Functions 67A.5 Optional I-DER Functions 70B. Annex B: Definitions of Terms and Acronyms 74FiguresFigure 1: Previous activities and expected timeline for future activities 9Figure 2: Phased approach to integrating I-DER systems with utility operations 11Figure 3 Must disconnect and must remain conne

19、cted zones 17Figure 4: Graph of default voltage ride-through settings 18Figure 5: WECC L/HFRT ranges in comparison to proposed IEEE 1547a ranges 21Figure 6: WECC L/HFRT ranges showing possible must-stay-connected band 21Figure 7: Proposed frequency parameters in IEEE 1547a 22Figure 8: Example settin

20、gs of volt/var mode using available vars 24Figure 9: Example of volt/var curve with deadbands shown as bands on the curve 24Figure 10: Example of volt/var curve with hysteresis, with arrows indicating direction of voltage changes 25Figure 11: P-Q capability curve （P: real power; Q: reactive power; S

21、: apparent power） 25Figure 12: First 4 Levels of the Hierarchical I-DER System Architecture Showing Communication Protocols 41Figure 13: Communication gateway for translating protocols 43Figure 14: Staggered Test groups 50TablesTable 1: Default Rule 21 voltage ride-through voltage-time values 18Tabl

22、e 2: WECC Off Nominal Frequency Load Shedding Limits 20Table 3: Default interconnection system response to abnormal frequencies （IEEE 1547a） 22Table 4: Examples of volt/var settings 27Table 5: Phase 1 I-DER Parameters 32Table 6: Nameplate and Static Settings 35Table 7: I-DER System Monitored Points

23、36Table 8: Initial Tasks: Review, Comment, and Update Documents 53Table 9: Smart Inverter Working Group Tasks 54Table 10: Test group A Phase 1 Autonomous Functions for Larger I-DER Systems 55Table 11: Test group B Phase 1 Autonomous Functions for Smaller I-DER Systems 56Table 12: Test group C Phase

24、2 Communications Capabilities for I-DER Systems 57Table 13: Test group D Phase 3 Autonomous I-DER Functions 58Table 14: Milestones 59Table 15: Phase 1 Basic Autonomous I-DER functions 62Table 16: Standards-based communications technologies requirements 64Table 17: I-DER functions requiring communica

25、tions 66Table 18: Phase 3 Additional Autonomous I-DER functions 67Table 19: Optional I-DER Functions 70Executive SummaryCalifornia Governor Brown has called for the implementation of 12,000 MW of “localized electricity generation”, which can help the State reach its goal to acquire 33 percent of its

26、 energy from eligible renewable energy resources by 2020. Substantial amounts of generation and storage capacity of these Distributed Energy Resource （DER） systems will provide significant environmental and financial benefits, but they also pose significant technical challenges. For instance, DER sy

27、stems are located within distribution grids which were designed only for one-way flows of power from substations through the distribution grid to customer loads. DER systems powered from renewable sources generally have varying energy output.Over the last few years, many long discussions with DER ex

28、perts have taken place; detailed analysis and modeling of power system impacts have been undertaken particularly of high penetrations of DER systems; and DER systems have been tested to better understand their capabilities and their responses to different situations. The results of these efforts hav

29、e been reviewed by European and US utilities, by the IEC groups developing standards for the functions, by the IEEE groups working on updating the IEEE 1547 series of interconnection standards, and by the SIWG members. Although there is general agreement on the need for incorporating smart DER functions into grid operations and broad agreement on the most important functions, it is clear that the detailed requirements for some of the DER