完整版初中英语语法大全动词的概述Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 车停了 只有及物动词可用作被动语态The meeting will be hold in the town hall 会议将在市政大厅举行 ：连系动词（link verb）是一个表示谓语关系的动词它后必须接表语（通常为名词或是形容词）be是最基本的连系动词It is not late 时间还不晚 ：反身动词（reflexive verb）相当于及物动词，通常以反身动词做宾语She always prides herself on her cooking 她经常为她的厨艺感到骄傲 1.实义动词（national verb）与助动词 （auxiliary verb），情态动词 （modal ve

2、rb）。实义动词意义完全，能独立作谓语 The burglar broke the window 小偷打破了窗户。2.助动词本身无词汇意义，不能单独作谓语，它们do,be,have,shall（should）,will（would）等。它们在句子中与实义动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气以及否定和疑问结构When do we meet again? 什么时候我们再会（用于疑问结构） 3.情态动词的意义不完全，在句中不能单独作谓语，只能与实义动词一起构成谓语。它们有shall,should,will,can,could,may,need,dare等。They dare not tell the t

3、ruth. 他们不敢说真话。4.限定动词（finite verb）与非限定动词。这些动词的形式由它们在句子中的功用决定。限定动词在句子中起谓语作用。可与助动词或情态动词连用，亦可不连用。但必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。Mark smokes a lot. Mark 抽烟很多。非限定动词有不定式，动名词和分词三种。它们在句子中不起谓语作用，可担任主语，宾语，补语，状语，如：He wanted to tell her of the incident. 他想把这个事件告诉她。（不定式用作宾语） 5.短语动词（phrasal verb）短语动词是一个固定词组。由动词加介词或副词等构成。其作用相当于一

4、个动词。The plane took off at seven sharp 飞机七点起飞（动词+副词） 6.动词的基本形式动词的基本形式有五种。动词原形（verb stem）第三人称单数 （third person singular present tense form） 过去式（past tense form）过去分词 （past participle） 和现在分词（present participle） 原形 第三人称单数 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 do does did done doing Have 的两种特殊句型 have是英语中最活跃的动词之一，它与不同的词搭配表示不同的意思。h

5、ave a meeting（开会），have a rest（休息），have a class（上课）等。你可知道have构成的两种特殊句型吗？不看不知道，一看就明了。1have宾语省略to的动词不定式该句型中作主语的人或物让作宾语的去做某事。此时的宾语与省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。I would have you buy a new bike 我想让你买辆新自行车。We cant have the car stop 我们无法让汽车停下来。2have宾语过去分词被。此时的宾语与过去分词（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。 Ill have my hair cut to

6、morrow我明天要理发。They have just had their car repaired他们刚找人把车修理了一下。注意：大多数情况下，这两种句型之间可以互换。1）He had me wash the table clothHe had the table cloth washed2） The man had the bike mended The man had someone mend the bike练习：根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。1你应该找人建一座房子。You should have someonea house You should have a house2现

7、在我们请下一位演讲者到前面来。 Now well have the next speakerto the front3你必须让人把这些书送到教室去。You must have these books to the classroom Do 的四作用 动词do在句中的作用可以概述为四句十二字：做实义，助动词，替前文，强语气。作用一：实义do do作实义动词时，有do, does, did, done, doing五种形式，还有及物、不及物之分。1. vt. 做；研究；整理；完成。The old man does an hour of sport every day. She did her ho

8、mework at home last night. Mother was doing the cooking when I reached home. Have you done the exercises yet?2. vi. 行动；工作；进展；足够Kate does very well in her Chinese. How do you do?Well done!That will do. 作用二：助动do do作助动词时，只有do, does, did三种形式，无词义，限用于含行为动词的一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态的否定句和疑问句中。They dont have any ticke

9、ts for tonights concert. Kate stayed at home last night, didnt she?How many books does the library have?She doesnt do the washing in the evening. 作用三：替代do 为避免动词的重复，使语言简练，常以do, does, did替代前文所用的行为动词。Tom runs much faster than you do. -Lucy, can you get some more tea, please?-Sure. Ill do it right away.

10、 -Who broke the cup?-Mimi did. -I like bananas. -So does he. 作用四：语气do 为突出感情色彩，do常用于祈使句、强调句和倒装句中，以加强语气。Do be careful. Dont tell a lie. He did come. -You often go to the park. -So we do. Like 用法聚焦时间：2008年05月09日 作者： 来源：like一词具有多种词性和词义，以及多种用法。现简述如下：一、用作动词：1.like+名词/代词，意为喜欢某人或某物例如：Tom likes fish very muc

11、h.汤姆非常喜欢鱼。Mr Wang is a good teacher.We all like him. 王老师是个好老师，我们都喜欢他。2.like to do sth. 意为（偶尔或具体地）喜欢做某事I like to swim with you today.今天我喜欢和你一起去游泳。3.like doing sth. 意为（经常或习惯地）喜欢做某事He likes singing.他喜欢唱歌。4.like sb. to do sth.意为喜欢某人做某事She likes them to ask questions like this. 她喜欢他们像这样问问题。5.would like t

12、o do sth. （=want to do sth.）意为 想要做某事Id like to go shopping with you.我想要和你一起去买东西。6.would like sb. to do sth.意为想要某人做某事d like you to meet my parents.我想要你见见我的父母亲。二、用作介词：1. be like, look like后接名词或代词作宾语，意为像；跟一样What is he like?他是怎么样的一个人？The little girl looks like her father.那个小姑娘看起来像她的父亲。2. feel like后接V?鄄i

13、ng形式、代词或名词，意为想要做某事Do you feel like having a rest?你想休息吗？Well go for a walk if you feel like it.如果你想散步，我们就去吧。三、常见句型：1. What do you like about.？意为关于你喜欢什么？，用来询问对方所喜欢的内容。-What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么？-The food and the people.食物和人民。2. How do you like.？你认为怎么样？（What do you think of.？）例如：-How do you

14、 like the film?你认为这部电影怎么样？-Its very interesting.很有趣。3. Would you like +名词 to do sth.?你想要吗？，用来询问对方是否需要什么或征求意见与看法。Would you like some water?你想要一些水吗？Would you like to play football with us?你愿意和我们一起去踢足球吗？Keep 用法解读 在人教版初中英语教材中，keep是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一，现将其常见用法归纳小结如下，以利于大家正确地使用该词。一、用作及物动词 1. 意为保存；保留；保持；保守Could

15、you keep these letters for me, please? 你能替我保存这些信吗？ll keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer. 在炎热的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？2. 意为照顾；养活等。She kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病时，她照看她了一个星期。

16、I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。3. 意为留下；不必还You can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。Keep the change.不用找零钱了。4. 意为遵守；维护Everyone must keep the rules. 人人必须遵守规章制度。The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。5. 意为售；卖The shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。He keeps everything you wi

17、ll drink.他出售你想喝的各种饮料。6. 意为记（日记、帐等）She keeps a diary every day.她坚持每天记日记。He keeps exact accounts of the money he spends and a diary of the events of his holidays.他详细地记载他所花的钱数和假期中所发生的事情。7. 意为使保持某种（状态、位置或动作等）这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语，构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。We should keep our classroom clean an

18、d tidy.（形容词）我们应保持教室整洁干净。Youd better keep the child away from the fire.（副词）你最好让孩子离火远一点。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.（介词短语）坏天气使我们不能出门。Dont keep me waiting for long.（现在分词）别让我等太久。The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.（过去分词）班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。二、用作连系动词 构成系表结构：keep表语，意为保持，继续（处于某种状态）其

19、中表语可用形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。You must look after yourself and keep healthy.（形容词）你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。Keep off the grass.（副词）请勿践踏草地。Traffic in Britain keeps to the left.（介词短语）英国的交通是靠左边行驶的。注意：一般情况下，keep后接形容词较为多见。再如：She knew she must keep calm.她知道她必须保持镇静。Please keep silent in class.课堂上请保持安静。三、与介词或副词搭配，构成动词短语 1.keep

20、away意为（使）离开；（使）不接近，其后常接介词from。Would you keep your dog away from my boy, please? 请把狗拉得离我孩子远点好吗？Keep everybody away from the accident.人人远离事故！2.keep back意为阻止；留在后面She sat down quietly, but she couldnt keep back her tears.她静静地坐下来，却忍不住流下了眼泪。3.keep together意为在一起；动作协调Keep together, please.请聚在一起。The eight me

21、n kept together during the boat race as though they were one.赛船时，这8个人动作协调，好像一个人似的。4.keep up意为持续；使不低落The noise kept up all night.噪音整夜持续着。To keep your strength up, eat well and getenough sleep.为了保持力气，要吃好、睡足。5.keep up with意为跟上；和来往m trying my best to keep up with the others in class.我正在设法赶上班里的其他人。Do you

22、 still keep up with Tom? 你和汤姆还有联系吗？6.keep.in mind意为把记在心里The teacher asked us to keep these sentences in mind.老师要我们把这些句子记在心里。四、含keep的常用句型 1.keep doing sth. 意为继续干某事，表示不间断地持续干某事，keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时

23、完成工作。Keep passing the ball to each other, and youll be OK.坚持互相传球，你们就行。2.keep on doing sth. 意为持续做某事The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.我总是想起下午的那场比赛。3. keep.from doing sth.意为阻止/防止做某事The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们

24、不能出去。Be 的四功能 be是一个多功能动词，在初级英语里可见四种用法：功能一，系动词be be为连系动词，中心词义是是，句型为主系表结构。be的形式常用am, is, are（现在式）；was, were（过去式）；will/can/may/must be（助动词/情态动词原形）；have/has/had been（助动词过去分词）等。To help animals is helping people.（一般现在时） The twins were very busy yesterday.（一般过去时） It will be sunny tomorrow.（一般将来时） She has be

25、en ill for over a week.（现在完成时） 功能二，助动词be 助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：1. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。The girls is reading and copying the new words now. Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas. 2. be+done：构成被动语态（主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词）。Tea is grown in my hometown.（一般现在时的被动语

26、态） This building was built three years ago.（一般过去时的被动语态） Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.（现在完成时的被动语态） How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?（含情态动词的被动语态） That is a day never to be forgotten.（动词不定式的被动语态） 3. be+going to do，表示打算或将要做某事，be有现在和过去两种形式。We are going to plant trees in the park. I didnt know if she was going to come here. 4. be+to do，表示按计划安排将要做某事The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an