1、for him f rim,f rm,frmsell her books se l buksI lent him a book.ai ln ti m bukI must have left my keys at my sisters house. ai ms tv lef(t) mai ki:z(t) mai sist zaus She learned to use the computer on her own. i: l:rn (d) t ju:(z) kmpju:t n runWhat wil(l he) do? wiliHa(s he) done it before? ziMus(t
2、he) go? tiShould he.? di Tell him to ask her. liLea(ve him). vim3)元音音素与元音音素的连读发生的情况比较少,一般是i:或u:和其它元音音素的连读,同时伴随着音变,u+元音开头:在u后面加上一个辅音w,i+元音开头:在i后面加上一个辅音y。如:do any =dwe ni Just do it. ds(t) dwit see us si jshurry up被读作 hri jpGo (w) away. I () am Chinese. He () is very friendly to me. She wants to study
3、 () English. How () and why did you come here? She cant carry () it. Itll take you three () hours to walk there. The question is too () easy for him to answer. 4)辅音音素与辅音音素的连读发生的情况比较少,一般是td和rwj等的连读,注意发生的音变。Part one. pa: twnYou must remain in bed for two days.ju: ms trimei nin be(d) f: tu: deiz David
4、read the letter again and again. deivi dre(d) let gei nn dgen5)以re或r结尾的单词,在英音中,它们不发音,在美音中,读r,和以元音音素开头的单词相临时,发生连读。例如:There is an old man under the tree. ri z nul(d) mn nd tri: I lent her a pen. ai len t r penYou should buy a bicycle for him.ju ud bai baisikl f rim Theyre my father and mother. I looke
5、d for it here and there. There is a football under it. There are some books on the desk. Here is a letter for you. Here are four eggs. But where is my cup? Where are your brother and sister?6)以ng结尾读的单词,如果后面紧跟以元音音素开头的单词,发生连都时,中间加一个音素g。ring him ri gim7)连读时发生的四个常见的音变:t j=t d j=d s j= z j=,arent you a:n
6、 tu: wouldnt you wudn tu: last year la:s t: not yet n tet and you n du: miss you mi u:because you bik: u: Hows your sister? hau : sist此外,这些音变也发生在单词内部,例如:during duri altitude ltitu:d attitude titudduty du:ti sugar u: suit u:t stupid stu:pidIs it a hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读) There is a good book in
7、my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读) Can you speak English or French?(English与or之间不可以连读) Shall we meet at eight or ten tomorrow morning?(meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读) She opened the door and walked in. (door与and之间不可以连读) Please pick it up. You can see it.Please copy it.Say it again.Dont do it.Go easy.Its too easy.T
8、he bird flew in the sky.2、失音1)相同或相似的两个音素以及发音部位相同的音素相邻时(包括在一个单词内的情况),前一个音素不读出声。What does the man mean? w(t) d(z) m(n) mi:nOfficials say there will be a parade. fil(z) sei wl bi prei(d)The boy is going into the room. b(i) iz gu(i) intu ru:m clothes kluz ice-cream man ais kri:(m) m2)失去爆破即爆破音的失去。如有两个爆破音
9、p,b,t,d,k,g连贯出现在同一单词内部或连贯出现在前一单词结尾与后一单词开头,前一辅音音素只按其发音部位形成阻碍,但不爆破,稍作间息后立即过渡到后一个音的发音部位并爆破。这种现象称为失去爆破。如sit down si(t)down,似乎听不到任何人会把sit的t音完完整整地发出来,这个音几乎必然地永远失去。有时后一单词开头不一定是爆破音素,而是其他的辅音也同样可以造成前一单词词尾爆破音素的失掉。如Good night Goo(d) night,失去爆破在同一个单词的内部。例如:EnglishEn(g)lish,friendlyfrien (d)ly hand bag等3)缩略I am a
10、i m Im aim you have ju: hv ju:how is hau iz hows hauz that would t wudthatd (t)d3、弱读(在语音分析中的代码为p3)单词的两种读法:强读、弱读。当一个单词处于一个连贯的句子中又非该句子主要意思所在,因而不被重读时,它的发音常以弱式读法读出。1)改变为比它低一级的元音发出。i:可弱化为i。如单词hehi: 常发hi2)所有的元音经过都可以变为音for from to some am do have does强式 f: fr:m tu: sm m du: hv dz弱式 f frm t sm m d hv dz当元音弱
11、化为第二阶梯的形式时,发音已与原来的标准发音截然不同。3)弱化的第三阶梯,元音过分弱化而消失。这一阶段的弱化可视为失音的一种。这往往在语速过快时,出现于长句子中被弱读的单词上。比如for的弱读形式除了f外,还有一种形式即fr。for him的弱读形式:frm即由此而生。其具体弱化过程可表示为:(1)f:rim h被击穿,即轻辅音h因弱化而消失,使两词连读。(2)frm for中的:和him的i:都弱化为了。这时for him两词的读音和单词forum的弱读形式相同。(3)frm for中的:音因弱化而完全消失。这时for him两词的读音和 单词from的弱读相同。元音弱化达到了第三阶梯,实际
12、读音与标准音相比已是面目全非。三阶梯元音弱化表:: a: i: i : u: u e ei a i i u i u e i i i 在四级听力中,最为常见的弱读是i在非重读音节中弱化为,其次是一些常见的单音节介词和助动词的弱读。eleven levn belong bl effect fekt Alice lsI will bring you up-to-date on what weve learned these days.ai wl bri ju: (p)tdeit n w(t) wi:v l:n(d) i:z deizWhat does it mean?w(t) d zi(t) mi:
13、4、混同(在语音分析中的代码为p4) fifteenfifdi:n letterled ladder 被读作 lt。在美音中,p和b、t和d、k和g以及t和d的读音经常互相转换。比较常见的还有:happy被读作hbi later被读作leid ring him 被读作rikim manager被读作 mnit。1)在ask、cant、dance、fast、path 这一类的单词中,英国人将字母a读作a:,而美国人则读作,所以这些词在美国人口中就成了skkntdnsfst和p:。2)在box、crop、hot、spot这一类单词中,英国人将字母o读作,而美国人则将o读作近似a:音的。所以这些词在
14、美国人读起来就成了bkskrpht 和spt。3)辅音字母r在单词中是否读音是英语与美语的又一明显差异。在英语的r音节中不含卷舌音r,而美语的r音节中含卷舌音r,如下列词在英语和美语中读音是不同的:英语读音 美语读音Car ka: karDoor d: drriver riv rivrparty pa:ti partiboard b:d brd英语中只有在far away, for ever等连读情况下,字母r才明显的读作卷舌音r: fa: r weif re v4)在以-ary或-ory结尾的多音节词中,英国人通常将a或o弱读,而美国人不仅不弱读,还要将a或o所在的音节加上次重音,所以这些词
15、在英语和美语中不仅读音有差异,节奏也明显不同,例如:Dictionary diknri diknerilaboratory lb:rtri lbrt:risecretary sekritri sekriterinecessarily nesisrili nesiseriliordinarily :dinrili :dinerili5)在以-ile结尾的另一类单词中,英国人将尾音节中的字母i读作ai;而美国人则弱读作或不读音。fertile f:tail f:tlfragile frdail frdlhostile hstail hstl7)除此之外,另有一些难于归类的单词在英语和美语中读音也各有不同:clerk kla:k kl:rkeither ai i:neither nai ni:leisure le li:rschedule edju:l skedul
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