定语从句中where和which的区别Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 扩展练习：1. These are the days I spent with mymom. （when）2. These are the times I experie need（which）英语 定语从句that ,where ,whieh的区别 例如：（1） I love places the people are reallyfride ndyA.that B.which C.where D.who（2） This is the place I have evervisitedthere B.whom C.he D.which（3） .This is the house I want

2、 to buyA. In which B.that C.what D.that（4） this is the museum we visited last yearA.where B. i n which C.which D.in that1. C 2.D也可以是that 3.B/D，也可以不填。4.Cwhere关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语。that 和which是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语，作宾语时也可以省略。第1题中，places是人们友好的地点，所以指代 place的where在从句中作地点状语。第2题中，the place是visit的对象，谓语动词 的对象是宾语。所以指

3、代 the place应当是that/which，that/which 也可以省略。第3题中，the house是buy的对象，所以指代 the house 的应当是 that/which，that/which 也可 以省略。第4题的道理同第2题。顺便说一下，1、如果把第2题的动词换成played basketball,或 grow up，等，那么 先行词 the place就不是这些动词的对象了，而是这些动词 所发生的地点，这时关系词就要用where 了。2、 关系副词可以换成介词+关系代词”如第1题where 可以换成 in/at which。定语从句中引导词 where , what ,

4、 whom , whose, that , who的用法I. 限制性定语从句的特殊用法II. 非限制性定语从句III. 同位语从句IV. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别I.限制性定语从句的特殊用法1. way +定语从句 way后面跟定语从句有三 种形式。（1） way + in which + 定语从句例如： She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.（2） way + that +定语从句 They didn t do it in the way that we do now.way +定语从句 He

5、 didn t speak the way I do.2. as引导的定语从句（1）在由as引导的定语从句中所修饰的词（先行词）前面常有 such 或 the same。 Such people as you describe are rare no wadays. I have the same trouble as you （have）.（2） As在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。 例如： Let sdiscuss only such questions aw concern every one of us.（作主语）I never heard such stories as he t

6、ells.（作宾语）I ve never seen such a clever man as he is作表 语）（3） As有时引导非限制性定语从句，可在定语从 句中作主语、宾语、表语，修饰主句，常解释为 正如、如同。 As is known to all, the earth moves round the sun.（作主语）As was expected, he performed the task with success.（作主语）As he predicted, the wind cha nged.（作宾语）The meeti ng is very importa nt, as i

7、n deed it is （作表语）1.非限制性定语从句由 who, whom, which弓I导（不可用 that）,还可以由 whose, when, where 等词引导。非限制性定语从句要用逗号隔开，非限制性定语 从句可以删去，整个句子的意思还是完整的，而 限制性定语从句如果被删去，句子的意思不完 整。 Mr Brown, who is our English teacher, lives n ear our school.Yesterday I met my son school master, whom you saw at my home last year.He has fin

8、ished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you.The factory is headed by a 35-year-old man, whose wife is from America.They will fly to Qin gdao, where they pla n to stay for two weeks.In these days, whe n I was a child, the city had no in dustry to speak of.注意：非限制性定语从句中的关系词是不可省略 的。2. 非限制性定语从句有时

9、并非修饰名词或代词, 它可以修饰整个句子。例女口： They have invited me to visit theircoun try, which is very kind of them.3.i n front of, at the back of, i n the middle of 等 短语在定语从句中的用法。如果关系代词是作这类介词短语的宾语时，介词 短语必须提前。 Yesterday after noon we arrived at his log cab in, in front of which stood a tall tree.4注意此类句子表达方式。 There ar

10、e fortystudents in their class, thirty of whom are League members.也可以改成 There are forty students in their class, of whom thirty are League members.III. 同位语从句 同位语从句常跟在 idea, fact, doubt, thought, belief, news, hope 等词后面，由 连接代词that （不可用 which ）和连接副词 when, where, whether 等弓丨导。I had no idea that you wer

11、e here.The fact that he is unfit for his job is quite clear.The n arose the questi on where we were to get the mach ine n eeded.All the time she was in bitter doubt whether she was right.IV.同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句用于名词后面，对该名词的内容作进 一步说明，连接词在从句中不作成份。定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，引导定语从句的 关系代词或关系副词往往在定语从句中作一个成份。Have you hea

12、rd the n ews that Mr Smithwill come to give a lecture on Irish Fairy Tales? 这里that引导的是同位语从句 ，不可以用which代替that，连接代词在从句中不作成 份。Have you told him the n ews that I told you last week?这里that引导的是定语从句，可以用 which代替that，它在定语从句中作宾语。高考需要掌握的不及物动词有哪些英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成 及物动词和不及物动词。不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi.的就是不及物 动词。不及物动词后不

13、能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上 某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。具体每 个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了 常用的不及物动词appear ，Appear calmcome ，Come easy （safe）go ，Go mad （crazy, bad, sour, wrong, hungry, bli nd）get ，Get angry （ill, wet, excited, married, paid） fall ， Fall asleep（ fall ill, fall short, fall flat） feel ， Feel good

14、 （sleepy） keep ， Keep quiet （silent）look ， Look fit （well, young, tired）make， Make certain （sure, ready, a goodteacher）prove , Prove an effective method （correct, accurate）rema in , Rema in still （un cha nged）rest, Rest satisfied （content）rise, Rise redseem , Seem happystand , Stand stillstay , Stay

15、 young （stay fresh, the same）turn , Turn teacher =become a teacher （yellow） turn out , Turn out true用法举例Look carefully!（注意：carefully 是副词，不是 名词，故不作宾语）look at 看 .+宾语 Look at me carefully!（me是代词，作宾语）（at是小范围in是大范围）女口： The students work very hard. 学生们很努力地学习。She apologized to me again.她再次向我道The accident h

16、appened yesterday evening昨天 晚上发生了事故。与及物动词的区别及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要 宾语来分，实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词 两类。1） 及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实 义动词，叫做及物动词 （transitive verb）。如： I believe that the committee will consider our suggestio n我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“ How long can I keep the book ? ” Harry asked.哈里问：这本书我可以借多久？”2） 不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的

17、实义动词，叫 做不及物动词（intransitive verb）。 Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九 三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeti ng yesterday eve ning.她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。3） 兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少 实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样 的动词又有两种不同的情况：a）兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。 试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可 以立刻开始 吗?（begin作不及物动词）S

18、he bega n worki ng as a libraria n after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。（begin作及物 动词）When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时 候离开芝加哥的？ （leave作及物动词）They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。（left 作不及物动词）b）兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义 不尽相同。Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗 手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗？4）与汉语的比较有时英语动词的及物和不 及物

19、的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列 两种情况：a）有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而 汉语则可用作及物动词，如 arrive到达，agree 同意，listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。 如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我 们于中午到达火车站。（at不能省去）（比较：We reached the railway station at noon.）Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。（to不可省 去）（比较：We all hear

20、d the lecture.）Do they agree to the plan? 他们同意这个计划 吗?（to不可省去）b）有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语 里则不能用作及物动词，如 serve为服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为 人民服务及物动词后可以加宾语，不及物动词后不可以 加宾语动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的 首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情 况：a. 主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟 宾语。可以用于：“主+谓+宾；主+谓+双宾“；主+谓

21、+宾+宾补结构。He reached Paris the day before yesterday. Please hand me the book over there.They asked me to go fishi ng with them. 类似的还有： buy, catch, invent, found, like,observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell

22、.b. 主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不 跟宾语。只能用于：主+谓“结构。This is the room where I once lived.类似的还有： agree, go, work, listen, look,come, die, bel ong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.c. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词， 其意义不变。如begin都是作”开始”讲。 everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. start, an s

23、wer, sing, close, con sider, in sist, read, lear n, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.d. 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词， 其意义完全不同这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物 动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时 是指烟雾的消散。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是升高；举起 He lifted his glass and dra nk.beat vi.跳动vt.敲、打;grow vi. 生长vt.种植 play vi.玩耍vt.打（牌、 球），演奏smell vi.发出（气味）vt.嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言） hang vi.悬挂 vt. 绞死operate vi.动手术 vt.操作需要注意的一点是：少数不及物动词唯一可跟 的宾语是同源宾语，如：I dreamed a dream last night.