新概念2语法知识点总结完美精华版Word文件下载.docx

1、 I went home at nine oclock yesterday. I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you. Did you go home yesterday? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. When did you finish your homework last night/the day before yesterday?3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下： shall should （将要）用于第一人称单数 will would （将要）用于所有人称 can could （能，会）

2、may might （可以） must must （必须） have to had to （不得不）助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。如： I had to do my homework yesterday. （ 昨天我不得不做作业。 ） 三、一般过去时态动词变化形式一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上 ed 构成。这类动词称为规则动词。 1 ） 一般情况下在词尾直接加 ed 。 如： play played work worked 2 ） 以 e 结尾的动词只加 d. 如： like- liked love loved 3 ）

3、 以辅音字母 +Y 结尾的动词，变 Y 为 I ，再加 ed. 如： study studied carry carried 4 ） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加 ed. 如： stop stopped 5 ） 不以 ed 结尾的过去式，称为不规则动词 , 如： write （写） -wrote go-went do-did have-had see-saw take-took make-made come-came buy-bought技巧 ：巧记一般过去时：【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示

4、过去的一些时间状语连用。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用 was ；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用 were 。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词 be 的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加 not 即可变成否定句，并且 was, were 与 not 可以缩

5、写成 wasnt, werent 。即： 主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。例如： I was not （ wasnt） here yesterday 昨天我不在这儿。 My parents were not （ werent） at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把 was, were 提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。Was（Were） 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词 be 的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。 Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗？ Was she late

6、this morning 今天早上她迟到了吗？更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“ Yes, 主语 was were ”； 否定回答用“ No, 主语 wasnt ”。 Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？ Yes, they were （No, they werent ） 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）练习一、用 be 动词的适当形式填空1 I _ an English teacher now.2 She _ happy yesterday.3 They _ glad to see each other last mon

7、th.4 Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5 The little dog _ two years old this year.6 Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7 Today _ the second of June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. 二、用动词的适当形式填空1. I _ （watch） a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ （read） a newspaper last night.3. We _ t

8、o zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. （go）4. _ you _ （visit） your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ （fly） a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6.Jim _ （pull） up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ （sweep） the floor yesterday.8. What _ she _ （find） in the garden last morning? She _ （find） a beautiful

9、 butterfly.1. He _ （live） in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat _ （eat） a bird last night.3. We _ （have） a party last Halloween.4. Nancy _ （pick） up oranges on the farm last week.5. I _ （make） a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They _ （play） chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. My mother _ （cook） a

10、nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls _ （sing） and _ （dance） at the party.9. It _ （be） Bens birthday last Friday.10. We all _ （have） a good time last night.11. He _ （jump） high on last Sports Day. 二、现在完成时一句型：Eg: I have finished my homework. He hasn t watered the flowers. Have they watched the

11、film? -Yes, they have. -No, they haven t.二用法1 、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 Eg. I have spent all of my money （so far）.（ 含义是 : 现在我没有钱花了 .） Jim has （just/already） come. （ 含义：吉姆现在在这儿 ）My father has gone to work.（ 含义是 : 我爸爸现在不在这儿 ） 2 、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 , 持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（ be 动词表示）常与 for （ + 时间

12、段） ,since （ + 时间点或过去时的句子）连用 . for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+ 时段 +ago since+ 从句（过去时） It is+ 时段 +since+ 从句（过去时） E.g. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 三、现在完成时的标志 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响 , 用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义 :* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志 He has already got her help.

13、 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。* 以 so far （到目前为止）为标 +before He has

14、got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。注意：1） 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用 , 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等 ; 2） 不能与 when 连用 3） 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 .四、过去分词变法小结1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。（1） 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 e.g. work-worked-worked （2） 、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 e.g. live-lived-lived , （

15、3） 、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried （4） 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词：AAA 型 E.g. let let let cut cut cut AAB 型 E.g. beat beat beatenABA 型 E.g. become became become run ran run ABB 型 E.g. bring

16、brought brought feel felt felt ABC 型 E.g. begin began begun drive drove driven 五、易混知识辨析1 、 has gone （to）,has been （to） 的区别Have/Has gone（to） : 去了 （ 现在不在说话现场 ）Where is your father ？ He has gone to Shanghai . Have/Has been （to） : 去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai . 2 、 since 和 for 的区别since 后接时

17、间点，如 1993 ， last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor 后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如 ten years, a while, two days 等。Exercise:1 、 用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been ther

18、e _ 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country _1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.Keys ： 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6.

19、for 7. for 8. since2 、单项选择1. -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone 2 、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written3 、 Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ .

20、 . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better4 、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying5 、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 6 、 _ you _ your

21、 homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; have finished . will ; finish7 、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in8 、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . h

22、as been 3 、填空。1. I_ already _ （see） the film. I _ （see） it last week.2. _ he _ （finish） his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ （come） back from work. He is tired now.4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ （go） to the teacher s office.5. I _ （work） here since I _ （move） here in 1999.6. So far I _（make） qui

23、te a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _（stay） here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ （finish） my homework. 9._ you _ （find） your science book yet? 10. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ （see） it anywhere?三、一般将来时一、 用法 .“ will / shall + 动词原形”构成的一般将来时，其被动形式为“ will / shall + be + 过去分词”。（1） 表示单纯的将来 。Her elder

24、sister will be thirty years old next month. 下个月她姐姐就 30 岁了。（2） 表示在说话时决定要去做某事 。We are really lost. I ll stop to ask someone the way. 我们真的迷路了。我要停下来问问路。（3） 用于“ 祈使句 + 连词 + 简单句 ”固定句式中。Go straight on and you ll see a church. You won t miss it. 直走你就会看到一座教堂，你不会错过的。二一般将来时的句型 （have/has done）1. 肯定句：The workers

25、will build a new school here next year. 2. 否定句： He won t play football with you before he finishes his work. 3. 疑问句： Will you be back in ten minutes?4. 特殊疑问句： Where will you go next week?三、注意事项 1. 用“ be going to 动词原形”构成的一般将来时。（1） 人作主语时表示打算，“有计划要做” 。My daughter is going to be a doctor when she grows

26、up. 我女儿打算长大后当医生。（2） 物作主语时表示目前有迹象表明将要发生某事，“有 的趋势（如天气变化）” 。Look at the black clouds. It s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。（3）. 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句一般不用 be going to ，而常用 will （第一人称用 shall ） 。从句 用一般现在时表示一般将来时：The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。（4）. 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。They will go home for the winter vacation as soon as they finish their exams.他们一考