完整版TKTGlossary中译版Word格式.docx

1、Clause从句A clause consists of a verb and （generally） a subject. A clause can be a full sentence or a part of asentence.Main clause主句When the teacher arrived,the students stopped talking.Subordinate clause从句Relative clause定语从句The students who were sitting near the front stood up._ UCLES Cambridge ESOL

2、 20052Collective noun:集合名词Compound noun:复合名词Conditional条件句First conditional,第一条件句Second conditional,第二条件句Third conditional.第三条件句Conjunction连词A conjunction （or connector） is used to connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences, e.g.I like tea butI dont like coffee because its too strong for me.Connec

3、tor:连词Countable noun:可数名词Demonstrative adjective:指示形容词.Demonstrative pronoun:指示代词.Dependent preposition:非独立介词Determiner限定词A determiner is used to make clear which noun is referred to, or to give information about quantity, andincludes words such asthe,a,this,that,my,some, e.g.That car is mine.Direct

4、 speech直接引语The actual words someone says, e.g.He said, My name is Ron.First conditional:seeconditional forms.Gerund,-ing form动名词形式A noun which is made from the present participle form of a verb, e.g.I hate shopping.Grammatical structure语法结构The arrangement of words into meaningful sentences. A gramma

5、tical structure is also a grammaticallanguage item, e.g. present perfect simple.Imperative祈使句The form of averbthat gives an order or instruction, e.g.Turn to page 10.Indirect questionThe words someone uses when they are telling someone what somebody else asked, e.g.Peter askedSue what she meant.An i

6、ndirect question can also be used when someone wants to ask something in a more polite way, e.g.I was wondering if you could help me （indirect question） instead of Could you help me? （directquestion）.Seedirect question.Indirect speech:seereported statement.间接引语Infinitive:seeverb.不定式Infinitive of pur

7、pose表示目的的不定式This is used to express why something is done, e.g.I went to the lesson to learn English.-ing/-ed adjective:seeadjective.形容词加ing或ed形式Intensifier加强语气的词汇A word used to make the meaning of another word stronger, e.g.Hes much taller than his brother;Imvery tired.Interrogative疑问句A question fo

8、rm.Irregular verb:seeverb.不规则动词Main clause:seeclause.主句Modal verb:seeverb.情态动词Noun名词A person, place or thing, e.g.elephant,girl,grass,school.Acollective nounis a noun which includes a group of people or things, e.g.the police,the government.集合名词Acompound nounis a combination of two or more words whi

9、ch are used as a single word, e.g.aflower复合名词shop,a headache.Acountablenoun has a singular and plural form, e.g.book􀃆books.可数名词Anuncountablenoun does not have a plural form, e.g.information.不可数名词Aproper nounis the name of a person or place, e.g.Robert,London.专有名词Asingular nounis one person,

10、 place or thing.单数名词Aplural nounis more than one person, place or thing and can be regular or irregular, e.g.boys,women.复数名词Object宾语This is a noun or phrase that describes the thing or person that is affected by the action of a verb, e.g.Isaw Mary in the classroom.Seesubject.Participle （past and pre

11、sent）现在分词及过去分词The form of the verb that is used to make tenses or adjectives, e.g.an interesting film（presentparticiple）;I havent seen him today. （past participle）Passive voice被动语态In apassivesentence, something is done to or happens to the subject of the verb, e.g. The tree was hitby the car.Seeacti

12、ve voice.Past perfect simple and continuous,progressive:seetense.过去完成时及进行时Past simple and past continuous,progressive:seetense.一般过去时及进行式Personal pronoun:seepronoun.人称代词Phrase短语Possessive s and whose所有格sWays of showing or asking who something belongs to, e.g. Whose book is it? Its Sues.Preposition介词A

13、 word used before a noun, noun phrase or pronoun to connect it to another word, e.g.He was in thegarden.Adependent prepositionis a word that is always used with a particular noun, verb or adjective, e.g.interested in,depend on,bored with.Present continuous,progressive for future:seetense.现在进行时Presen

14、t perfect simple and continuous,progressive:seetense.现在完成时及进行时Present simple and continuous,progressive:seetense.一般现在时及进行时Pronoun代词A word that replaces or refers to a noun or noun phrase just mentioned.Demonstrative pronoun, e.g.this,that.指示代词Object pronoun, e.g.him.代词宾格Personal pronoun, e.g.I（subje

15、ct pronoun）,me（object pronoun）人称代词Possessive pronoun, e.g.mine名词性代词Reflexive pronoun, e.g.myself反身代词Relative pronoun, e.g.which关系代词Proper noun:seenoun.Punctuation标点符号The symbols or marks used to organise writing intoclauses,phrasesand sentences to make themeaning clear, e.g. full stop, capital lette

16、r, apostrophe and comma.Quantifier量词A word or phrase such as much, few or a lot of which is used with a noun to showan amount, e.g.Idont have much time; I have a lot of books.Question tag问号A phrase such as isnt it? or doesnt he? that is added to the end of a sentence to make it a question,or to chec

17、k that someone agrees with the statement, e.g.Its very cold,isnt it?Reflexive pronoun:seepronoun.Regular verb:seeverb.规则动词Relative clause:seeclause.定语从句Relative pronoun:seepronoun.关系代词Reported statement间接引语When someones words are reported by another person, e.g.She said she was sorry. Seeindirectque

18、stion.Reporting verb间接引语中使用的动词A verb such as tell, advise, suggest used inindirect speechto report what someone has said, e.g.Jane advised John to study harder.Second conditional:Singular noun:Subject主语This is the noun or phrase that goes before the verb in a sentence to show who is doing the action

19、, e.g.John plays tennis every Saturday. Seeobject. UCLES Cambridge ESOL 20055Subject-verb agreement主谓一致When the form of the verb matches the person doing the action of the verb, e.g.I walk,he walks. If astudent writesIwalks, then it is wrong because there is no subject-verb agreement.Subordinate cla

20、use:seeclause.从句Superlative adjective:seeadjective.形容此最高级Tense时态A form of the verb that shows whether something happens in the past, present or future, e.g.Past perfect simple and continuous,progressive过去完成时及进行时After I had phoned Mary, I went out. （past perfect simple）I had been studying for three h

21、ours, so I felt quite tired. （past perfect continuous, progressive）Past simple and past continuous,progressive一般过去时及进行时I was talking（past continuous, progressive）to my friend when the taxi came. （past simple）Present continuous,progressive for future进行时表将来What are you doing at the weekend?Present per

22、fect simple and continuous,progressive现在完成时及进行时I have known him for a long time（present perfect simple）.I have been studying for three years（present perfect continuous, progressive）.Present simple and continuous,progressive一般现在时及进行时I work at a school（present simple） andI am working in London now（pre

23、sent continuous, progressive）.Third conditional:Third person第三人称Averbor apronounwhich shows that somebody or something is being spoken about, e.g. He, she, it,they.Time expression时间表达式A word or phrase that indicates a time period, such asafter,by, e.g.I will meet you after the lesson.Uncountable nou

24、n:Used to过去常常做某事A structure that shows something happened in the past but does not happen now, e.g.I used to live inLondon,but now I live in Paris.Verb动词The word which follows the subject of a sentence, and is sometimes described as the action word, e.g.I like cheese;He speaks Italian.Anauxiliary ve

25、rbis a verb used with other verbs to make questions, negatives and tenses, e.g.be,do,have.助动词Thebase form of the verbis the infinitive form of a verb without to, e.g.go.动词的基本形式Theinfinitiveform is thebase form of a verbwith to. It is used after another verb, after an adjectiveor noun or as the subje

26、ct or object of a sentence, e.g. I want to study, Its difficult to understand.动词不定式Anirregular verbdoes not follow the same rule as regular verbs. Each irregular verb has its own wayof forming the past simple and past participle, e.g.go􀃆went（past simple）􀃆gone（past participle）.不规则动词

27、Amodal verbis a verb used with other verbs to show ideas such as ability or obligation or possibility.Theyincludecan,must,will,should, e.g.I can speak French, but I should study even harder.情态动词Aregular verbchanges its forms by adding-edin the past simple and past participle, e.g.walk􀃆walke

28、d规则动词（past simple）.Verb pattern动词搭配The form of the words following the verb, e.g.he advised me to get there early. （advise+ objectpronoun +to+baseform） UCLES Cambridge ESOL 20056LEXIS词汇Affix词缀A meaningful group of letters added to the beginning or end of a word to make a new word.Affixationis the process of adding aprefixorsuffixto word.Aprefixis a meaningful group of letters added to the beginning of a word, e.g.appeardisappear.前缀Asuffixis a meaningful group of letters added to the end of a word to make a new word