完整版名词性从句及状语从句总结完整版推荐文档Word格式.docx

1、一、并列句概念两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子 ,叫做并列句 ,其基本结构是“简单句 +并列连词 +简单句”。并列连词有： and, but, or, so等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要， 相互之间没有从属关系， 是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。如 :I like action movies but dont like thrillers.Hurry up or youll be late. （快点，否则你要迟到了。 ）二、并列句的组成1.表并列关系的 由 and, both.and, as well as, not only.but （also）, neither

2、.nor等组成。She not only sings but also dances.He helps me and I help him他.帮我，我帮他。He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得流利了，而且也更不费劲了。Neither did he leave nor did she get fir

3、ed. 他没有离开，她也没被炒鱿鱼。2.表转折关系的 与 but, however（然而）， while（然而），still, yet 等连用。It never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。She said she would be late, yet she arrived on time她.说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。She looks very young, but she is already in her 30s. 她看上去很年轻 ,可是她已三十多岁了。此处，还有副

4、 still（ 仍然），however（然而 ）也表示转折关系。He is good-natured, still I dont like him. 他脾气很好 ,可是我还是不喜欢他。The book is expensive, however, its worth it. 这本书很贵；却很值。3.表选择关系的 由 or, either.or.,not.but.,or else（否则）连接 otherwise（否则 ）如：Hurry up, or （else） you ll be late. 快点，否则就会迟到了。Will he still be there or will he have g

5、one away? 你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？You must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。Either Tom is coming or his sisters are.不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。Take the chance,or else you will regret（后悔 ） it.Either you improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你提升自己的工作，要么我辞掉你。4.表因果关系的 与 for,so/so that,ther

6、efore（因此 ）,because等连用。I am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。The manager was ill so I went in her place.经理病了所以我代她去。Id better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.注意： since, because, as表因为时，连接的是原因状语从句，而非并列句。从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类：并列连词（ coordinating conjunctions）和从属连词（ subordinating conjunctions）。并列连词连

7、接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如：（1）Air and water are indispensable to me.（2）She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games.（3）Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy.从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。（4）He said that he did not want to go .（5）Many things have happened since I last saw

8、him.（6）You may come if you want to.从属连词分类大致可分为三大类：1、that （无词义，不做成分） ，if ，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）2、连接代词： who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever （有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语）3、连接副词： when，where，why ，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever， wherever （有词义，作从句的状语）复合句首先，我们需要总体了解下复合句：从句是相对于主

9、句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句） 、形容词性从句（即定语从句） 、副词性从句（即状语从句 ,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等） 。主语从句用作主语，如： ：That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。宾语从句用作宾语。如：Do you know where he lives?表语从句用作表语，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往。同位语从句用于解释

10、说明前面的名词。The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的。 （ that从句用于解释说明 the fact ）定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.状语从句相当于一个副词，如：1. When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）2. If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果

11、他明天来，你就可以看见他。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是 “主将从现 ”，即主句是将来时， 则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。 （条件状语从句，常用 unless 除非， on condition. 在 条件下， provided 假如， but for 若非 ）3.The boy is so young that he cant go to school （这个 so that 引导的是结果状语从句。4.You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。 （目的状语，可

12、以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that,in case 等词引导。）5.Because/Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。 （原因状语从句， 常用 because, since, as, for fear （恐怕 ）, seeing that （ 既然 ） ， now that （=since）, considering that （考虑到 ） 等引导。6.Though/Though he was worn out,

13、（still） he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 （让步状语从句， 引导的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; evenif, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词 -ever.）7.Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。（地点状语从句， 通常由 where,wherever 引导。8 .As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（方式状语从句通常由

14、as, （just） asso, as if, as though 引导。然后，我们再来详细了解下复合句：（1）主语从句主语从句三要素：1、关联词不能省略2、谓语动词用单数3、从句用陈述语序1 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2 构成：关联词 +简单句3 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：（1）that。 如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。（2）whether（是否）。Whether he ll come here is

15、n 他是tclear否会.来这里还不清楚。（3）连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcomed. 不论谁来都欢迎。Wherever you are is my home - my only home. 你所在的任何地方

16、就是我的家-我唯一的家。解释：1 主语从句能用 it 作形式上的主语。常以 it 作形式主语的句型有：A. It+be+ 形容词 （obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.）+that从句。It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。B. It

17、+be+名词词组 （no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.）+that 从句。It s a pity that we can 很遗憾t我go们.不能去。It nos surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。C. It+be+过去分词 （said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.）+that 从句。It is said that Mr.

18、Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语 +that 从句。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。E. It

19、+doesn t matter （makes no difference, etc连接.）+代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。It doesn t matter whether she will come ort. no她是否来这无关紧要。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting我.们在哪里开会毫无区别。（ 2）表语从句1、关联词不能省略 2、从句用陈述语序用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。3 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：（1）丛属连词 that。The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻

20、烦是我把他的地址丢了。（2） 从属连词 whether, as, as if。He looked just as he had looked ten years before他.看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。注：从属连词 if 一般不用来引导表语从句，但 as if 却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday.这都是 20 多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一

21、样。 The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。（4）连词 because可引导表语从句。I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。（3）宾语从句1.从句用陈述语序用作动词或介词的宾语的从句叫宾语从句。3 引导宾语从句的关

22、联词有三类：（1）从属连词 that。He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。 that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。 在以下情况下， that 不能省略。1 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句， that 放在 and 的后面时， that 不能省略。2I know nothing about him except that he is from the

23、 south.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时， that 不能省略。对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3That he ever said such a thing I simply don 从tbelieve句位于.句（that首时， that 不可省略。我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4 We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for aprobationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。语动词与 that 从句之间有插入语， that 不可省略

24、。（2）从属连词 if/whether 。I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。I don t know if you can help me我.不知道你能否帮助我。（主句谓Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.I wonder what he s writing to me about我不.知道他要给我写信说什么事。I walked over to w

25、here she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.I ll tell you why I asked you to come我.会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。介词宾语从句*It 作形式宾语1如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。内疚吗？*某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句， 这类形容词或过去分词有 sure, glad,certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词 that 可省略。I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能确定我该做什么。m afraid you do