定语从句名词从句状语从句并列句教师版.docx

1、定语从句名词从句状语从句并列句教师版并列句与状语从句语法填空1(2016高考全国卷语法填空)Over time，_the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. 2(2016高考全国卷语法填空)So，get an early start and try to be as productive _possible before lunch.3(高考全国卷语法填空)But the river wasnt changed in a few days_ eve

2、n a few months.4(高考全国卷语法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop，_some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.答案： 1.as/when2.as3.or4.and一、掌握五种常考的并列连词1表示转折关系的并列连词，包括but，while(而)等，其中，while连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。2表示平行或对等关系的并列连词，常见的有and，not only .but (also)等。3表示选择关系的并列连词，常见的有or，either .or等。4表示

3、因果关系的并列连词，常见的有for，so等。5特殊并列连词when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：(1)be about to do sth. when .“正要做某事，这时突然”(2)be on the point of doing sth. when .“正要做某事，这时突然”(3)be doing sth. when .“正在做某事，这时突然”(4)had done sth. when .“刚做了某事，这时突然”He was about to go to school when a strong wind began

4、to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。Register in Renren，and you will be able to get in touch with the friends whom you havent seen for a long time.在人人网注册后你就能与你很久没见面的朋友取得联系了。二、熟记状语从句的常考连词1引导时间状语从句的常考连词(1)when表示“当的时候”；(2)while表示“当的时候”(while所引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性的，不能是短暂性的)；(3)as表示“当的时候；随着”；(4)before表示“在之前”；(5)after

5、表示“在之后”；(6)until/till表示“直到”；(7)since表示“自从以来”。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。2引导条件状语从句的常考连词(1)if意为“如果”；(2)unless意为“如果不；除非”；(3)as/so long as意为“如果；只要”；(4)in case用作连词引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果；万一”。If you dont study hard，youll fail the exam.如果你不努力学习，考试就会不及格。3引导让步状语从句的常考连词(

6、1)although与though虽然拼写不同，但意思相同，都表示“虽然”，不能与but连用，可与yet，still连用；(2)as引导让步状语从句时，需用倒装句式，though引导的让步状语从句，既可倒装也可不倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不可倒装；(3)whether .or .的意思是“无论还是；不管还是”；(4)even though和even if意思相同，均表示“即使”；(5)有时还可用那些以ever结尾的词语来引导，如whatever，whoever，however，whenever，wherever等，它们的意思与no matter what，no matter wh

7、o，no matter how，no matter when，no matter where等相同，意为“无论什么”“无论是谁”“无论多么”“无论什么时候”“无论什么地方”等。Though she is clever，she often makes mistakes.虽然她聪明，但她经常犯错误。4引导结果状语从句的常考连词(1)so that引导结果状语从句时意为“结果”“所以”；(2)so .that意为“如此以致于”；(3)such .that .意为“如此以致于”，其中的such后接名词(名词前通常有形容词修饰)。Mike is such an honest worker that we

8、 all believe in him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以致于我们都信任他。连词判断两标准一、若两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，则一定填连词。二、通过判断句子结构，确定句子类型。如上下句为对等关系，则填并列连词；如判断为状语从句，则先判断上下句的逻辑关系，再确定连词。.单句语法填空1There once was a very rich man. He was so generous to everybody around him _ many people in his neigh

9、bourhood knew him.2To show our respect，we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with.3It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.4There is only one more day to go _ your favourite music group play live.5One Friday，we were packing to leave for a week

10、end away _ my daughter heard cries for help.6Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs _ you could have problems.7It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.8I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.9_the bees do not learn which sm

11、ells mean food，they will starve.10Just _ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.答案：1.that2.whoever3.unless4.before5.when6.or7.since8.while9.If10.as定语从句语法填空1(2018高考全国卷语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published

12、in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.2(2018高考天津卷改编)Kate，_sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.3(2017高考全国卷语法填空)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，

13、_ is not good for the health.4(高考全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.5(高考全国卷语法填空)Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.6(高考全国卷单选，4改编)When

14、 I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.7(高考全国卷单选，8改编)That evening，_I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.答案：1.which/that2.whose3.which4.that/which 5that/which 6.where 7.which一、必记定语从句中的四个高频考点1当先行词为表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等时，若在从句中作状语，常用关系副词w

15、here引导定语从句；若不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Have you met with the case where you are misunderstood by others？你遇到过被人误解的情形吗？Have you met with the case which is similar to this one?你遇到过和这种情况相似的情形吗？2表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：(1)在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。(2)t

16、he比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。(3)若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.他付给男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗户，这10扇窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。3先行词those指人，后常用who/whom引导定语从句。4whose引导定语从句时，作定语不省略。二、that，which引导定语从句用法

17、小结1that引导定语从句既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who，whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。2which引导定语从句先行词为物。which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。3定语从句中用that不用which的情况：当先行词是all，any，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last等修饰时。当先行词既有人又有物时。4定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：在非限制性定语从句中，关

18、系代词用which而不用that。关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用that。先行词为that/those指物时，用which而不用that。三、“介词关系代词”中介词的选择原则1根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有钱。2根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不

19、会忘记孩童时期我在乡村度过的时光。3根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。This is the hero of whom we are proud.这就是我们为之骄傲的英雄。4在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词of。The old woman has three sons，two of whom are doctors.这位老太太有三个儿子，其中两个是医生。5根据所表达的意思来确定。The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.离开它我们不能活的这种无色气体被称为氧气。四、as引导

20、定语从句用法小结关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 . such as .such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从句修饰先行词such。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。As we

21、 all expected，the plan turned out to be very successful.正如我们所期望的，这个计划结果是很成功的。The child had a fever every night，which worried his parents very much.孩子每晚都发烧，这使他父母非常焦急。五、巧辨定语从句与其他从句1定语从句与名词性从句的区别定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均无名词或代词。2定语从句与同位语从句的区别二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、补充说明作用；引导定语

22、从句的that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作成分。The fact that he presented was a strong proof.他所提供的事实是一个强有力的证据。(定语从句)The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all.她什么也没说的事实使我们每一个人都很惊讶。(同位语从句)3非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别前后句之间有and，but，so等并列连词或分号等，则为并列句；若只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词或句子的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。Present at the m

23、eeting were almost experts on DNA，most of whom came from the US.(定语从句)Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA，and most of them came from the US.(并列句)出席会议的大都是DNA方面的专家，其中大部分来自美国。先行词判断四点通关一、注意有无逗号：如果空前有逗号，即为非限制性定语从句，不用that。二、判断先行词的指代内容，是指人还是指物，指人不用which。三、判断先行词在从句中的成分：作主语、宾语、表语或定语考虑关系代词，作状语考虑

24、关系副词。四、注意从句中的主谓一致。.单句语法填空1Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill on/upon _ school education depends.2Opposite is St Pauls Church，_you can hear some lovely music.3China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.4Th

25、e number of smokers，_is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.5The books on the desk，_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.6As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.7Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to ta

26、lk.8He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.9Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.10Exercise is something _ can help to make you look good，feel good and be healthy.答案：1.which2.where3.which4.as5.whose 6when

27、7.whom8.which9.where10.that名词性从句语法填空1(2016高考全国卷语法填空)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2(高考大纲卷单选，24改编)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.3(高考新课

28、标全国卷单选，24改编)It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.4(2018高考北京卷改编)Without his support，we wouldnt be _ we are now.5(2017高考江苏卷改编)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20，half of _ it used to charge.6(高考北京卷单选，29改编)The most pleasant thing of the rain

29、y season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.7(2016高考天津卷单选，11改编)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.答案：1.how2.when3.what4.where5.what 6that7.that一、掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法1连接词that在从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。2连接词whether，if意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不作任何成分。若在两者之

30、间二选一，则选择whether。3连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever既起连接作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。4连接副词when，where，why，how既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语。二、牢记what和that的区别1that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that；Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家认为，人们可以通过只有需要时才购物这一方法来减少更多食物的浪费。2what在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分，表示“的(东西)”(