硕士研究生考研英语讲义Word下载.docx

1、总分30分。A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上做答。总分10分。B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文（标点符号不计在内）。提示信息的形式由主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。总分20分。1.4写作部分的地位和重要性写作部分在英语（一）中占总分的30%，在英语（二）中占总分的25%，是决定考研成败的关键要素之一，从某种意义上说，写作部分和阅读部分对考生能否顺利通过该项考试起着同等重要的作用，因此考生要重视写作部分的复习。1.5写作部分的具体评分依据（一）评分原则

2、和方法1虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同（如下文所述），但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节不同的考查要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。A节应用文的评分重点在于信息点的覆盖内容的组织语言的准确性格式和语域的恰当（对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性文章的组织连贯性语法结构和词汇的多样性2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有13分的调节分。3A节作文的字数要求是100个词左右。B节

3、作文的字数要求是160200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。4拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。（二）一般评分标准（只介绍前三档评分指标和细则）第五档：A节9-10分；B节17-20分要求：很好地完成了试题规定的任务；对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。评判指标：包含所有内容要点；使用丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；有效采用了多种衔接手段，文字连贯，层次清晰；格式与语域恰当贴切。第四档：A节7-8分；13-16分较好地完成了试题规定的任务；对目标读者产生了预

4、期的效果。包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一、两个次重点；使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇；语言基本正确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别错误；采用了适当的衔接手段，层次清晰，组织较严密；格式与语域较恰当。第三档：A节5-6分；9-12分基本完成了试题规定的任务；对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求；有一些语法和词汇错误，但不影响理解；采用了简单的衔接手段，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；格式与语域较基本合理。第二档略第一档：1.6考研英语写作的高分标准1）内容切题。审题准、不跑题。2）表达清楚。语言要简洁、准确、条理清晰，主题明确

5、。3）语言规范。符合英语的表达习惯，语法错误少，写出的英语不是中式英语。4）用词变化。避免重复使用一词汇，可适当使用代词、同义词、近义词、关联词使表达富有变化。5）句式变化。整篇文章涵盖多种句式结构，如简单句、并列句、复合句、主被动句、长句、短句、疑问句、倒装句、强调句、插入语。（3）英文书信的组成部分 规范的英文书信主要由以下六个部分和两个附加部分组成：1信头（Heading） 列出寄信人的地址和写信日期2信内地址（Inside Address） 列出收信人的姓名和地址3称呼（Salutation） 对目标读者对象的称谓4正文（Body） 信函的主体内容5. 结束语 （ Compliment

6、ary Close） 如：Yours truly, Yours sincerely 等6. 签名（The Signature） 签名落款7. 附言 （Postscript） 如需补充内容，可使用此项8. 附件注明 （Enclosed mark） 如信内附有其他文件，需在信末左下方写上“Encl”（4）常考书信类作文及写作方法 建议信A: 基本框架设计 说明针对什么事情提出建议； 就所提出的事件，给出建议，并陈述利弊，说明原因； 希望自己的建议能有所帮助。参考范文Dear Mary,I am delighted to learn that you will graduate from the u

7、niversity very soon. Last time you asked me for some advice as to your personal choice before graduation. Now I am writing to put forward some proposals as to this issue. In my opinion, it will be a better choice for you to further your study after graduation because higher degree will make you more

8、 competitive in the job market in the days to come. On the other hand, it will greatly broaden your vision and enrich your life experience, which is beneficial to your further development. That is all that I want to tell you.At last, I do hope that you will find my proposals constructive and I am lo

9、oking forward to your early response.Sincerely yours Li Ming 感谢信 交代因何事表示感谢； 叙述需要感谢的理由； 再次表示感谢。Dear Sir,I am a citizen of Sweden, now on a tour in China. Today, I am writing to extend my sincere thank to Li Ming, a schoolboy of Junior 2 of your school.This is the first time that I am in your beautifu

10、l country. Naturally, everything is interesting and strange to me. Yesterday when I visited Yuelu Hill, I was greatly fascinated by the beautiful scenery of it. Upon my arrival back at the hotel, I suddenly found my handbag was missing. I was very worried, fearing that it was impossible for me to re

11、cover it. Later, a child came to my room, with a bag in his hand. At once I recognized it was mine. At that moment, I could find no words to express my gratitude for what he did for me. It is his unselfishness that makes me have a better understanding of friendliness of the Chinese people. Again, I

12、want to take this opportunity to show my heart-felt gratitude for him and he is the pride of your school. Yours respectfully, 申请信 说明写作意图，提出要求 说明和解释申请原因 向对方表示感谢，并期望得到答复I am Li Ming, one of the graduates of 2010 of Beijing University and I am keenly interested in the post of salesman you have advertis

13、ed in China Daily this morning. Personally, I think my major and my practical experience particularly match the requirements of this position. First of all, as far as my educational background is concerned, I am fully qualified for this position. I major in marketing and will graduate from Beijing U

14、niversity soon and obtain my B. A. degree. Whats important is that, during the four academic years, I participated in all kinds of promotion activities, which has greatly enriched my experience in marketing. At last, I would be most grateful if you can take my application into a favorable considerat

15、ion. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 投诉信 交代所要投诉的事情，说明不满的理由； 说明所投诉之事对你的生活、学习带来的不便； 提出公平的解决方案Dear Editor,I have been one of the faithful readers of your newspaper and now I am writing to inform you of my unpleasant experience in our city last week. Last Monday I bough

16、t a dictionary in the biggest bookstore of our city. But when I came back home, I found that the dictionary had lost several pages. In such a case, I have to go back to the bookstore and asked them to replace for me. To my surprise, the shop assistant turned down my request rudely. As a person who l

17、oves this city, I want to say that what they did not only disappoints the consumers, but also does great harm to the reputation of the city. So, I hope that your newspaper will appeal to the departments concerned to pay more attention to the quality of the service for the consumers. Yours sincerely

18、询问信 告知你的身份并交代希望对方提供哪方面的信息或帮助； 详细阐明希望获得的信息或帮助； 向收信人致谢，并表达盼望得到答复的愿望。My name is Li Ming, a senior student in Nanchang University of China. I wonder if you could send me some information concerning the requirements of your university for the international students.I would like to further my study in you

19、r prestigious university after graduation in June. As scheduled, I will have finished my undergraduate studies here in Nanchang in June and I show a keen interest in the Department of Biology of your university because it boasts the very strong teaching staff and research facilities. I want to know

20、how I can be admitted by the Department of Biology of your university and its requirements for the students from foreign countries. I would be grateful if you can send me some materials regarding the points mentioned above. Thank you in advance.Sincerely yours, 致歉信 表明对何事进行道歉; 解释事情发生的具体原因; 提出补救的办法和方案

21、, 再次表示歉意，请求谅解.Dear David,I cant go to the airport and meet you tomorrow. Please accept my sincere apology for that.Originally, I planned to meet you in person at the airport. But unfortunately, I am informed today that I have to attend an important business meeting tomorrow and this meeting is relat

22、ed to the project which I am in charge of. So I cant go to the airport and meet you in person as promised. I do apologize for that. Being unfamiliar with our city, please wait for me at the gate of the airport and Ill go there as quickly as possible after the meeting. You can drink some coffee in KF

23、C while waiting for me. Im sorry again for the inconvenience caused.Yours, 2）告示类应用文告示类应用文是指将某一特殊事情以告示或通知的形式及时告知有关人员。告示或通知有一定的格式，语言要求言简意赅，具体的事件、时间、地点都要交代清楚。请看如下的例子。 招聘志愿者的通知NoticeDear schoolmates, As part of the activities of the Project Hope, we will organize several groups of students from differen

24、t departments to help the children with their studies in the western part of our country from July 15 to August 15. Those who are voluntary to offer their help should enroll their names to the Students Union before June 25. We strongly believe that the volunteers will benefit a lot from this activit

25、y. Students Union May 4，2011 英语考试增加口语考试通知College Students,Attention, please. In order to improve students oral English, an oral test will be added to the mid-term English examination. The requirements for this test will include the following items:First of all, you will be required to read aloud som

26、e of the texts, partly assigned by the teacher during the test. In addition, you may be asked to answer some questions about the texts raised by the teacher during the test. Lastly, some oral translation exercises will also be included in the oral test. The scores of this test will be 15% of the tot

27、al marks of the mid-term examination. Please get ready for it. English DepartmentMay 12, 2011 航班延误通知Ladies and gentlemen,All flights this morning are put off because of the thick fog. As there is no wind, the weatherman is unable to tell when the fog will clear up. We can do nothing but wait. Please

28、 keep order, take good care of your baggage and dont leave the waiting room.For passengers retained at the airport, lunch is free. It will be served in the dinning hall on the second floor from eleven. By the way, no planes will arrive in an hour. As soon as the weather turns favorable, we shall ann

29、ounce flights.3）摘要摘要是以提供论文内容梗概为目的, 不加评论和补充解释, 简明、确切地记叙论文重要内容的短文。其作用是便于读者用最短时间掌握信息, 了解研究工作或论文的主要内容和结果, 从而决定是否需要详读全文。在知识和信息加速度增长的今天,摘要的重要性更为突出: 既为读者阅览起引导作用, 更为文献汇编、计算机储存和检索做好准备,成为科技信息的重要来源。（1）摘要写作的常备句型 This thesis analyzes /deals with /discusses _ . This article focuses on the topic of _ . This paper elaborates on _ . This paper offers the latest information regarding _. The writer of this essay tries to explore _. The aim / purpose of this paper is to _