高三英语基础知识复习备考资料二Word文档格式.docx

1、被动语态的现在式和过去式The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio GaudiAthens is known as the birthplace of western civilization构成：is/am/are+v.过去分词was/were+v.过去分词2. Subject and verb agreement主谓一致My family lives in Cardiff.The whole class is here. Function Describing location描述位置 In, on, be

2、tween, in the middle of, on the coast of, off the coast of, on the left, on the right, in front of, behind, near, next to, opposite, above, below, in the south of, to the east of.课标话题：周围的环境（Personal environments）1. 欧盟和一些欧洲国家与中国在地理位置、文化、经济等方面的对比2. 能介绍国家所在地、首都、著名文艺建筑、文化和语言概况Module 2 Developing and Dev

3、eloped Countries1 vt.测定；测量；评估2 n. （根据概率得出的）预期数额3 n. 位置4 n. 数字5 adj. 拥挤的6 n. 交换7 n饥饿 adj.饥饿的8 n贫穷 _ adj.贫穷的9 n发展_ v（使）发展，（使）成长 adj.发展中的 adj.发达的10 vt.教育；培养；训练 n教育11 n类似；相似 adj.相似的12 adj.不幸的；遗憾的 （反义词） adj.幸运的 n运气；命运13 adj.工业的 n工业14 adj. 受到污染的；被污染的 v. 污染 n. 污染 15 n. 娱乐 vt. 使娱乐；款待1up 达到；直到；到为止2 progress

4、取得进步3 the top of 在顶端4 the bottom of 在底部5make 努力6be connected 与 有联系；与有关7make comparisons 对进行比较8be close 接近；靠近9increase . （以幅度）增加1Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. （although引导让步状语从句）2Its an agreement betw

5、een towns or cities of similar size and age .（“of表特征的名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征）3Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. （while在此用作并列连词，表示对比或相反的情况，意思是“然而，但是”）Link words连词but, however, although, while. Function Making comparisons作比较 as many/much as, fewer/less than周围的环境（Personal environme

6、nts）；社会（Society）1. 对国家、地区、城市和城镇进行比较2. 对人类社会发展的差异进行分析2. 描写自己的家乡，为家乡写一则广告Module 3 The Violence of Nature1 n灾难2 vt. 引起；导致3 vi. 发生4 vt. & n. （雷电、暴风雨等）袭击5 vt. 毁坏6 adj. 以前的7 n. & v. 损失；损害8 vt.埋葬 n埋葬；葬礼9 adj.猛烈的； 激烈的；强烈的 n暴力10 n（火山的）爆发，喷发 vt.（火山的）爆发；喷发11 n可能；可能性 adj.可能的12 adv.幸运地；幸亏 _ adj.幸运的 n幸运；运气 adj.不幸

7、的；运气不佳的13 n警告 v警告； 注意vt. 经历n. 经历，经验 adj. 有经验的 15 adj.吓人的；可怕的 v使惊吓，使吓倒1pick 卷起；掀起；拾起；搭载；（偶然）学会2take 去掉；脱掉；起飞；兴旺3 average 平均起来4end 结果为， 以结束5set fire set . fire 放火（焚烧）； 纵火烧6 fire 着火7put 扑灭（火）8 place 发生9 all 总共，总计1. They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. （leave宾语宾语

8、补足语）2. When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. （there is/was the possibility of表示“有的可能性”）1 The past perfect passive过去完成时被动态（1） By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.（2） Coghlan traveled back to Can

9、ada after he had been buried in Texas. 构成：had been +v.过去分词2 Indirect speech间接引语陈述句sb. said that特殊疑问句sb asked who/what/when/where/why一般疑问句sb. asked if/whether. Function Giving a definition下定义自然（Nature）1. 常见自然灾害及其破坏性 2. 描述一场自然灾害的个人经历，包括爆发时间、地点、情形、经过、最后结果、造成的危害、人员财产损失情况、救灾工作等Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia

10、1 adj.大量的；大规模的2 n. 战役；活动3 n. 进程；过程4 n. 环境5 v. 重新利用；再循环6 n. 根据；证明7 adj. 紧急的8 adv. 绝对地；完全地9 adj.吓人的；可怕的 vt.吓唬；使害怕 n恐惧；害怕10 n力量；力气 v加强 adj.强壮的11 adj.主要的；多数的 n大多数12 vi.抱怨；发牢骚 n抱怨13 n保护 v保护14 n. 化学药品 n. 化学 n. 化学家；药剂师 15 adj. 关心的；担心的 n. & v. 关心，担心 1cut 砍倒；减少，缩减2be caught 突然遭遇（风暴等）3one another 一个接一个地4have

11、a bad effect 对有坏影响5take 吸收；欺骗；理解6give 放出；发出7 a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲8look 浏览；翻阅；翻找1They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes. （so .that .引导结果状语从句）2Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertific

12、ation”（sb. / sth. appears to do sth.某人/某物似乎做某事. 注意采用不定式的正确形式。本句为不定式完成式。）3The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled. （if possible是if it is possible的省略形式。类似的还有if /when necessary, when possible等）1. The different types of infinitive不定式的各种形式to do, to be done, to be doing, to have done, to

13、 have been done2. Expressions with but+ infinitive“but+不定式”结构I cant （help） but agree.We do nothing but talk about it.Function Expressing strong opinions 表达强烈的情感I couldnt agree with you more.It couldnt be worse.世界与环境（The world and the environment）:1.描述环境污染及给人们生活带来的不良影响2. 能对减少污染、保护环境提出合理的建议Module 5 Gr

14、eat People and Great Inventions of Ancient China1 n 秩序2 n. 原则；准则3 n. 职位4 vt. 强调5 vi. 辞职6 n. 状况；条件；环境7 n哲学家 n哲学8 n思想家 vi.思考 n思想9 n顾问 v建议 n建议10 adj.有影响的 n& vt.影响11 n诚实 adj.诚实的12 n公正 adj.公正的_ adv.正好，恰好；仅仅，只是；刚才13 vt.发明 n发明 n发明家n争论；辩论；议论 v争论；争辩15 adj. 平等的 n. 平等16 n. 贡献 v. 贡献1be war with与交战2bring 养育；抚养；呕

15、吐3become interested 对感兴趣4be proud of/take pride 为自豪5 conclusion 总之6 the first time 第一次7wake 叫醒1. Treat others in the way you want to be treated. （way“方式，方法”，作先行词时，若从句中需要方式状语，用in which，that或省略关系词的形式引导定语从句）2Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. （“the r

16、eason why . is that .”中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句）3. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings. （where引导的定语从句修饰先行词state，类似的先行词还有situation, position, stage, case, point等）Defining attributive clauses限制性定语从句（1）.Ancient China was a place where states were

17、often at war with each other.（2） But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.（3） It is the country in which silk was first invented.（4） He is a man of whom China can be proud.注意关系代词做介宾，介词可前置的现象。. Function Giving reasons陈述理由Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from

18、 the animals is that man is good.1. 历史与地理（History and geography）（1） 中国古代的伟大发明（2） 中国古代思想2.能描述某一现代发明物、阐述其有利和不利之处Module 6 Old and New1 n建筑物； 结构2 vi. 始于（某一历史时期）3 vt. 发（电）4 adj. 狭窄的5 vt. 迁移；搬迁6 adj. 荒唐的；可笑的7 adj. 巨大的；庞大的8 vi. （飞机）失事；坠毁n（土木）工程 n工程师vt.容纳（乘客等）n住宿，工作场所11 n建造；建设；建筑 vt.建设；建造12 adj.全球的 n球状物；（th

19、e）地球13 n观察台 vt.观察 _ n观察adj.历史的；有关历史的 adj.具有历史意义的 n历史adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的 adj.凝固的；冻僵的 v使凝固1.date _ 起源于；始于2work 算出；解决3dream 梦想，渴望4 that 既然，由于5hold 阻止6 true （梦想等）变成现实7provide . 为提供8 sense 有意义；有道理9bring _ to 结束；终止1It took six years to build and cost US $20 billion.（it为形式主语，后面的不定式短语to do sth.为真正的主语）2Is it possib

20、le to see the relics now that they have been submerged?（Is it possible to do .？做有可能吗? ）1. Non-defining attributive clauses非限制性定语从句2. Contraction of attributive clauses定语从句的缩略形式 （1）. I met a man my grandfather worked with for thirty years.（2）. I visited the house my grandparents used to live in.（3）.

21、The people living in the village have moved to other places. Function Adjectives expressing strong feelings表达强烈感情的形容词enormous, fascinating, wonderful, freezing, astonished, excellent, boiling, ridiculous, exhausted, delighted1. 制作新闻简报，描述家乡的巨大变化 2. 能简要介绍著名建筑工程3. 撰写电子邮件BOOK IVModule 1 Life in the Futu

22、readj. 替换的；供选择的2 n. 命令；指令3 n. 娱乐；消遣4 n. 费用；价钱5 adv. 最后；终于6 vt. 造成形状7 n. 预测 vt. 预言；预料8 _ adj.危险的；冒险的 v. 危险；冒险9 vi. 依赖；依靠adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的10 n. 罪犯；犯人 n罪；罪行11 vt. 供给动力 n力adj. 强有力的；权力强大的 12 adv.无疑地；确定地 adj. 清楚的；明确的13 n. 失去能力；伤残 v. 使人丧失能力；使残废adj. 残废的；有残疾的14 vt. 系；贴；连接 n. 喜爱；附件adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的 n. 乐观主义1run （某物）

23、用完；不多了；没有了2rely 依靠3 an order/orders 订购4use 用完5 sure 肯定地6get rid 除掉；处理掉7free of 免费8look 小心；当心1Everyone will be given a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. （no matter where 引导让步状语从句表示“无论在什么地方都”，此时可替代为wherever.）2Im too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future!（too . to do sth. 太而不能做某事）3Not all predictions come true. （not all. 表示部分否定） The future continuous将来进行时Where will we be living in twenty years time?We wo